Patients with epilepsy may experience seizures clusters, which are acute repetitive seizures that differ from the person’s usual seizure pattern.

Rapid treatment is critical to minimize the emotional burden of seizure clusters and to reduce the risk of status epilepticus and hospitalizations.

Diazepam rectal gel, midazolam nasal spray, and diazepam nasal spray are specifically approved rescue medications for treatment of seizure clusters.

Rescue medications differ according to route of administration and formulation, which may influence the time needed for administration and cessation of seizure activity as well as patient and caregiver experiences with treatment.

Seizure action plans can guide appropriate treatment during a seizure cluster to empower patients and caregivers and reduce anxiety.