A) Diagram of M@CaCO3@KAE NP-mediated cell apoptosis. B) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of mitochondria, cytoskeletal protein levels and cell migration in A549 cells treated with M@CaCO3@KAE NPs. I: Control; II: CaCO3 NPs; III: KAE; Ⅳ: CaCO3@KAE NPs; Ⅴ: M@CaCO3@KAE NPs. C) H&E staining, TUNEL and DAPI staining, IHC staining, proliferation and apoptosis protein expression levels in solid tumors. I: Control; II: CaCO3 NPs; III: KAE; Ⅳ: CaCO3@KAE NPs; V: M@CaCO3@KAE NPs [103]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.