Fig. 8.

HypEVs reduce mitochondria-associated apoptosis in neurons in vitro and in vivo

(A) Electron microscopic images of primary neurons treated with cultured primary neuron derived sEVs in vitro in each group. The morphology of the mitochondria was clearly altered. Yellow * represents mitochondrial vacuolization. (B) and (D) Representative western blotting of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels in each group in vitro and in vivo. Data are presented as means ± SEM, n = 6 in vitro; n = 5 from 3 mice after MRI analysis in vivo. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA; a value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. The “n.s.” stands for “no significant difference” among groups. (C) Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Data are presented as means ± SEM, n = 3. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA; differences between groups were considered significant when p < 0.05.