Table 3.

Results after revision surgery of failed open reductions.

Author	Year	Number of hips	Number of patients	AVN	Complications	Radiological outcome (Severin)	Clinical outcome (Ponseti/Mc Kay)
Bos et al. (19)	1984	15	14	10 (67%)	Limb length discrepancy >2 cm (47%)	I (3)	I (6)
						II (6)	II (4)
						IV (4)	IV (4)
						V (2)	VI (1)
Herold et al. (20)	1983	35	27	n.r	n.r	n.r	n.r
McCluskey (21)	1989	25	23	11 (44%)	Limb length discrepancy >2 cm (30%)	I (3)	n.r
						II (9)
						III (7)
						IV (1)
						VII (3)
						n.r (2)
Kershaw et al. (22)	1993	33	32	19 (58%)	Limb length discrepancy >2 cm (33%)	I (13)	I (16)
						II (9)	II (5)
						III (4)	III (6)
						IV (3)	IV (1)
						V (3)	V (3)
						VII (1)	VI (2)
Hsieh et al. (23)	1998	34	32	21 (62%)	Limb length discrepancy >2 cm (9%)	I (6)	Excellent (10)
						II (9)	Good (8)
						III (10)	Fair (11)
						IV (4)	Poor (3)
						VI (4)
						VII (1)
Chmielewski et al. (24)	2002	8	8	5 (63%)	n.r.	n.r	n.r
Kamath et al. (25)	2005	18	17	11 (61%)	Limb length discrepancy >2 cm (29%)	I (0)	I (4)
						II (12)	II (8)
						III (3)	III (1)
						IV (3)	IV (5)
Chidambaram et al. (26)	2006	14	14	7 (50%)	Limb length discrepancy >2 cm (36%)	I (0)	I (2)
						II (2)	II (1)
						III (10)	III (2)
						IV (1)	IV (8)
						VI (1)	VI (1)
Abouelnas et al. (27)	2018	52	52	14 (27%)	Limb length discrepancy >2 cm (36%)	I (0)	I (21)
						II (38)	II (22)
						III (11)	III (7)
						IV (3)	IV (2)
Elzohairy et al. (17)	2020	34	33	2 (5%)	Redislocation (2)	I (0)	Excellent (0)
					Sciatic nerve injury (1)	II (28)	Good (28)
						IV (4)	Fair (4)
						V (2)	Poor (2)
Total/mean	–	268	252	49%

Complications, clinical and radiological results (n.r. not reported, AVN: avascular necrosis).