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. 2023 Aug 9;10:1167594. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1167594

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Copyright © 2023 Pardede, Kusumawati, Pangestu and Purwantara.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The photomicrograph of sperm in Halomax Kit combined with a Wright’s eosin methylene blue staining of GF (A) and PF (B) bulls; Sperm that have normal DNA show a small halo (b), in contrast to the sperm that contain damaged DNA, which shows a huge halo (a). The percentage of sperm DNA damage in bovine sperm (C) with different freezability groups (GF vs. PF). *Significant difference when compared to PF (p < 0.05).