Table 3.

Clinical measurements and methods

Measurements	Description
Body weight	Measured after minimum 6 hours of fasting and without cloth Scale: Seca 701 7021099
Blood tests (fasting)	Peripheral venous blood
Transient liver elastography/Controlled Attenuated Parameter	FibroScan, M-XL probe (Echosens, Paris, France)
Carotid intima-media thickness	Sonosite M-Turbo (Sonosite, Bothell, Washington, USA), analysed with a 13.6 MHz linear transducer and automated software (SonoCalc IMT 5.0; Sonosite)
CT scans	CT chest, CT upper abdomen and coronary calcium scan Aquillion ONE scanner, Toshiba Medical Systems, (Otawara-shi, Tochigi-ken, Japan)
DEXA scan	Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) Whole-body DEXA scanning Hologic QDR-2000 W (Bedford, Massachusetts, USA)
Cardiac MRI	MAGNETOM Prisma 3 Tesla scan Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen Germany)
Metabolic syndrome*	Central obesity: waist circumference ≥94 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women (Europids), or body mass index >30 kg/m², plus any two of the following four factors: Raised triglycerides: >1.7 mmol/L. Reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: ≤1.03 mmol/L in men, <1.29 mmol/L in women. Raised blood pressure (BP): Systolic BP≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP≥85 mm Hg or treatment of previously diagnosed hypertension. Raised fasting plasma glucose: ≥5.6 mmol/L or previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
Insulin resistance and β-cell function	Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR): ${\displaystyle HOMA-IR=\frac{FPG(mmol/L)\cdot FPI(mU/L)}{22.5}}$ ${\displaystyle HOMA-\mathrm{\%}B=\frac{20\cdot FPI(mU/L)}{FPG(mmol/L)-3,5}}$
Type 2 diabetes†	Fasting plasma glucose concentration ≥7.0 mmol/L, or A random venous plasma glucose concentration ≥11.1 mmol/L, or Glycated haemoglobin >48 mmol/mol.
Cardiovascular disease risk scores: Framingham Risk Score D:A:D CVD risk score	Online calculation tool, CHIP Centre of Excellence for Health and Framingham Heart Study
Survey	12-Item Short term Survey. Questionnaire on dietary and activity patterns.

*Metabolic syndrome defined in accordance with The International Diabetes Federations definition.

†WHO definition.

CHIP, Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections; D:A:D, Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs Cohort.