Table 1. Surgical Systems Robots ZEUS versus da Vinci features.

FDA: Food and Drug Administration; AESOP: Automated endoscopic system for optimal positioning.

	ZEUS	Da Vinci
Beginning	Started its production in 1995, and it was approved by the FDA in 2001.	Approved by FDA in 2011. Nowadays, it is the main reference in robotic surgery equipment.
Architecture	The ZEUS is a teleoperated system consisting of two robotic arms controlled by the surgeon through the AESOP and has a modular design.	The da Vinci is a teleoperated system with a control console from where the surgeon operates the robotic arms through four robotic arms placed in the patient’s trolley in a master-slave operating principle (one arm holds the camera, while the rest carries the surgical instruments). Motion is guaranteed by cable-driven joints at the distal end of the instrument.
Clinical use	The ZEUS was used in laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgeries but was withdrawn from the market in 2003.	Da Vinci is widely used in various surgical specialties such as general surgery, urology, gynecology, and cardiac surgery, among others.
Cost	The ZEUS used to have a relatively lower cost compared to the da Vinci.	Da Vinci has a higher cost due to its more advanced technology and widespread clinical application.
Image generated	A standard screen that provides a 2D view of the surgical field or through polarized glasses with a different axis for each eye (adding the transmitted endoscopic image rapidly alternating on a screen equipped with an active polarizing matrix, reaching a 3D image).	Two cameras are associated with the master console that provides a magnified 3D view of the surgical field.