Table 4.

Estimated mutation rates at 41 Y chromosomal short tandem repeat in Northern Han Chinese.

Y-STR loci	Number of allele transfers	Number of mutations	Number of one-step mutations	Number of two-step mutations	Number of multi-step mutations	Number of gains	Number of losses	Mutations rates (×10−3)	Binomial 95% CIs (×10−3)
DYS19	2 548	7	7	0	0	5	2	2.7	1.1–5.7
DYS388	2 548	9	9	0	0	3	6	3.5	1.6–6.7
DYS389I	2 548	7	7	0	0	6	1	2.7	1.1–5.7
DYS389II	2 548	20	19	1	0	10	10	7.8	4.8–12.1
DYS390	2 548	6	6	0	0	2	4	2.4	0.9–5.1
DYS391	2 548	4	4	0	0	2	2	1.6	0.4–4.0
DYS392	2 548	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0–1.4.0
DYS393	2 548	3	3	0	0	1	2	1.2	0.2–3.4
DYS437	2 548	2	2	0	0	0	2	0.8	0.1–2.8
DYS438	2 548	2	2	0	0	2	0	0.8	0.1–2.8
DYS439	2 548	4	4	0	0	1	3	1.6	0.4–4.0
DYS444	2 548	4	4	0	0	1	3	1.6	0.4–4.0
DYS447	2 548	6	5	1	0	1	5	2.4	0.9–5.1
DYS448	2 548	2	2	0	0	1	1	0.8	0.1–2.8
DYS449	2 548	23	23	0	0	18	5	9.0	5.7–13.5
DYS456	2 548	9	9	0	0	4	5	3.5	1.6–6.7
DYS458	2 548	11	10	1	0	6	5	4.3	2.2–7.7
DYS460	2 548	9	9	0	0	3	6	3.5	1.6–6.7
DYS481	2 548	5	5	0	0	3	2	2.0	0.6–4.6
DYS518	2 548	23	22	0	1	10	13	9.0	5.7–13.5
DYS522	2 548	4	4	0	0	1	3	1.6	0.4–4.0
DYS549	2 548	2	2	0	0	0	2	0.8	0.1–2.8
DYS533	2 548	8	8	0	0	3	5	3.1	1.4–6.2
DYS557	2 548	8	8	0	0	5	3	3.1	1.4–6.2
DYS570	2 548	13	12	1	0	6	7	5.1	2.7–8.7
DYS576	2 548	27	27	0	0	10	17	10.6	7.0–15.4
DYS593	2 548	3	3	0	0	2	1	1.2	0.2–3.4
DYS596	2 548	0	0	0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0–1.4
DYS627	2 548	32	31	1	0	14	18	12.6	8.6–17.7
DYS635	2 548	11	11	0	0	5	6	4.3	2.2–7.7
DYS643	2 548	3	3	0	0	1	2	1.2	0.2–3.4
DYS645	2 548	5	5	0	0	1	4	2.0	0.6–4.6
Y-GATA-H4	2 548	8	8	0	0	4	4	3.1	1.4–6.2
DYF387S1a/b	5 096	25	23	0	2	15	10	4.9	3.2–7.2
DYF404S1a/b	5 096	17	16	1	0	6	11	3.3	1.9–5.3
DYS385a/b	5 096	13	12	1	0	9	4	2.6	1.4–4.4
DYS527a/b	5 096	21	19	1	1	12	9	4.1	2.6–6.3
Total	104 468	356	344	8	4	173	183	3.4	3.1–3.8