Table 1. List of main of gut-on-chip (GOC)s models and their characteristics, including those developed in academia, in industries or in collaboration.
AOI=Anoxic-oxic interfase; COC=Cyclic Olefin Copolymer; GOC=gut-on-chip; HMI=Host Microbes Interaction; IBD=Intestinal Bowel Disease; IOC=Intestine-on-chip; PC=Polycarbonate; PDMS=Polydimethylsiloxane; PE=Polyester; PET=Polyethylene terephthalate; PMI-CHIP=physiodynamic mucosal interfase-on-a-chip; PS=Polystyrene. Caco-2, CCD-18Co, CRC, and HCT-116 are colon cancer cell lines; HCoMEC=Human Colonic Microvascular Endothelial Cells; HIMECs=Human Intestinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells; HUVEC=Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; iPSC=Induced pluripotent stem cells; PBMC=Peripheral blood mononuclear cell; U937=human lung lymphoblast.
| MODEL OF GOC | APPLICATION | CELLS/TISSUES | MEMBRANE
(Y/N) |
BULK MATERIALS | FLOW RATE
(µL/MIN) |
ACADEMIA
(Y/N) |
INDUSTRY
(Y/N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUMIX 18, 59 | - HMI
- Disease modelling (colorectal cancer) - Pharmacology (pre- and probiotics) |
Caco-2+ CCD-
18Co; primary CRC cells (T6) |
Yes
PC 1 µm pores |
PC and silicone
gaskets |
25 | Yes | No |
| GOC 17, 48 | - Physiological characterization
- HMI |
Caco-2 + HIMECs | Yes
PDMS |
PDMS | 0.5 | Yes | Modified from
Emulate |
| AOI 19 | - HMI | Caco-2 + HIMECs | Yes
PDMS |
PDMS | 0.833-3.333 | Yes | Modified from
Emulate |
| IOC 11, 16 | - Physiological characterization
- HMI - Drug-to-drug interaction |
Primary, human
derived organoids + HIMECs |
Yes
PDMS |
PDMS | 1 | Yes | Yes
Emulate |
| PMI-CHIP 60 | - HMI
- Disease modelling (IBD) |
Caco-2 or patients’
organoids |
Yes
PDMS |
PDMS | 0.833-1667 | Yes | No |
|
INTESTINAL
MICROFLUIDIC MODEL 57 |
- Pharmaceutical testing | Caco-2 | Yes
PE |
PDMS and PE | N/A | Yes | No |
| TUMOR-ON-A-CHIP 14 | - Disease modelling (Colorectal
Cancer) - Pharmaceutical testing |
HCT-116 +
HCoMECs |
No | PDMS | 0.133 | Yes | No |
| GOFLOWCHIP 45 | - Physiological characterization | iPSC derived
organoids |
No | matrigel, clear
cast acrylic plastic, silicone gasket, borosilicate glass |
0.083 | Yes | Yes |
| ORGANOTYPIC-ON-A-CHIP 53 | - Physiological characterization
- HMI |
Biopsy (mouse
intestinal section) |
No | PDMS, collagen
gel matrix |
16.67 | Yes | No |
| DUAL FLOW BIOREACTOR 56 | - Physiological characterization
- Pharmaceutical testing |
Caco-2 | Yes
PC |
PDMS | 100-400 | Yes | Yes
Kirkstall |
|
USSING CHAMBER ON A
CHIP 46 |
- Disease modelling (IBD) | Human Intestinal
Biopsy |
Yes
PDMS |
Glass, petroleum
jelly |
4 | Yes | No |
| MOTIF 61 | - Physiological characterization
- HMI |
Caco-2, HUVECs,
PBMCs, primary macrophages |
Yes
PET |
COC | 25-50 | Yes | Yes
ChipShop GmbH |
|
THIOL-ENE BASED
MICROFLUIDIC CHIP FOR INTESTINAL TRANSPORT STUDIES 42 |
- Physiological characterization
- Pharmaceutical testing |
Caco-2 | Yes
Thiol-ene coated Teflon |
PMMA, PDMS,
tetra-thiol moieties |
0.5-3 | Yes | No |
| GOC 15 | - Physiological characterization
- Pharmaceutical testing |
Caco-2 | Yes
PET |
Glass, PET | 0.4167 | Yes | Yes
Micronit |
| NUTRICHIP 12 | - Physiological characterization
- Disease modelling (inflammation) |
Caco-2 + U937 | Yes
PET |
PMMA, PS, PDMS | 0.6-2 | Yes | No |
| ORGANOPLATE 13, 58 | - Physiological characterization
- Disease modelling (IBD) - Pharmaceutical testing |
Caco-2 | No | PS, glass,
proprietary polymers |
N/A | No | Yes
Mimetas |