Table 2. Description of variables.

Variable	Description	Measure
Dependent variables
Product innovation	Binary measure of whether a firm introduced a new product between 2005–2007 or 2008–2010	=1 if Yes; 0 if No
Process innovation	Binary measure of whether a firm introduced a new product between 2005–2007 or 2008–2010	=1 if Yes; 0 if No
Independent variables
Formal coopetition	Binary measure of whether a firm collaborated with a competitor during the reference period	=1 if Yes; 0 if No
Informal coopetition	Binary measure of whether a firm used a competitor as source of innovation information during the reference period	=1 if Yes; 0 if No
Staff quality	Percent of staff with at least a bachelor’s degree	Continuous between 0 and 1
Staff training	Binary measure of whether the firm officially organizes periodic staff training	=1 if Yes; 0 if No
Controls
Other collaboration partners	Binary indicator of whether the firm had any other partner during the reference period apart from competitors	=1 if Yes; 0 if No
Size	Number of employees	Continuous
Age	Number of years since establishment of the firm	Continuous
Location	Binary measure of whether the firm is located in Lagos, the major commercial hub of Nigeria	=1 if Yes; 0 if No
Group	Binary measure of whether the firm is part of a group of companies	=1 if Yes; 0 if No
Export	Binary measure of whether the firm is an exporter	=1 if Yes; 0 if No