Table 3. Effect of EMS application dose, EMS exposure period and presoaking duration on radicle length in rice (mm).

EMS application dose (%)	EMS exposure period(hour)	Presoaking duration (hours)				Mean
		0	6	12	24
0.0%	6	25.7jk	31.7fg	43c	46.2ab	36.7 b
	12	42.8c	43.9bc	47.8a	33.3eg	41.9 a
	24	30.8gh	32.1eh	38.4d	29.6hi	32.7 c
	48	32.5eh	29.5hi	21.4lm	11.1o	23.6 f
Mean		32.9b	34.3b	37.7a	30.1c	33.7 A
0.5%	6	13.6no	27.5ij	34.ef	35.1e	27.5 e
	12	15.2n	29.6hi	42.0c	46.ab3	33.3 c
	24	19.0m	19.6m	15.1n	12.9no	16.7 h
	48	0.0r	0.0r	0.0r	0.0r	0.0 k
Mean		11.9ij	19.2f	22.7d	23.5d	19.8 B
1%	6	10.7o	15.4n	32.0fg	29.7hi	21.9 g
	12	23.kl	34.2ef	32.3eh	19.6m	27.3 e
	24	0.0r	20.0m	18.8m	3.7pq	10.6 j
	48	0.0r	0.0r	0.0r	0.0r	0.0 k
Mean		8.4k	17.4g	20.8e	13.2hi	14.9 C
2%	6	25.1jk	34.7ef	34.1ef	23.1kl	29.3 d
	12	0.0r	6.7p	18.6m	24.3kl	12.4 i
	24	0.0r	1.7qr	3.5q	0.0r	1.3 k
	48	0.0r	0.0r	0.0r	0.0r	0.0 k
Mean		6.3l	10.7j	14.1h	11.9ij	10.7 D
General average		14.9C	20.4B	23.8A	19.9B	19.7
**	**	**

**: significant at the 1% level; NS: no significant differences. Values followed by the same letter are not statistically significantly different. LSD _dose = 0.7; LSD _Duration= 0.7; LSD _Presoaking = 0.7; LSD _{Dose×Duration}=1.5; LSD _{Dose×Presoaking}=1.5; LSD _{Duration×Presoaking}=1.5; LSD _{Dose×EMSduration×Presoaking} = 3.0; CV (%) = 9.4. CV, coefficient of variation; EMS, ethyl methanesulfonate; LSD, least significant difference.