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. 2022 Jan 7;2:4. [Version 1] doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.14375.1

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Copyright: © 2022 Counotte MJ et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — The relationship between the challenge experiments’ outcomes ( A) and the vaccine efficacy ( B). ( A) The timeline of a typical non-human primate vaccination-challenge experiment. After challenge, viral shedding and clinical parameters are collected until time of euthanasia, after which pathological examination is performed. ( B) Vaccine efficacy (VE) can help: (i) Protect an individual (1) against infection (VE _S), (ii) Prevent infectiousness (VE _I) and prevent transmission to a second individual (2) for which viral shedding can be a proxy measure, (iii) Prevent illness (VE _P) for which clinical or pathological findings can serve as indicator.