Table 3.
Descriptive findings and conditional logistic regression analyses of functional and structural impairments of the participants with SCI and matched controls from the general population.
| Participants with SCI (n = 25) | Matched controls (n = 100) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Functional impairmentsa (mean ± SD; median, min-max) | |||
| Spirometry | |||
| VC (% predicted) | 69 ± 21; 70, 30–106 | 107 ± 14; 108, 63–150 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 70 ± 24; 71, 33–111 | 109 ± 15; 108, 69–148 | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.78 ± 0.10; 0.80, 0.48–0.93 | 0.80 ± 0.05; 0.80, 0.61-0.90 | 0.26 |
| MEF50 (% predicted) | 65 ± 30; 66, 17–115 | 100 ± 30; 97, 27–164 | <0.001 |
| Diffusing capacity | |||
| DLCO (% predicted) | 64 ± 20; 65, 26–115 | 93 ± 12; 93, 63–117 | <0.001 |
| kCO (% predicted) | 90 ± 22; 84, 38–130 | 100 ± 14; 100, 71–129 | 0.011 |
| Impulse oscillometry | |||
| R5 (kPa/(L/s)) | 0.36 ± 0.11; 0.34, 0.19–0.66 | 0.30 ± 0.08; 0.29, 0.17–0.53 | 0.018 |
| R20 (kPa/(L/s)) | 0.29 ± 0.08; 0.29, 0.16-0.54 | 0.26 ± 0.06; 0.25, 0.14–0.42 | 0.038 |
| R5-R20 (kPa/(L/s)) | 0.062 ± 0.055; 0.050, −0.01–0.21 | 0.041 ± 0.043; 0.030, −0.03–0.26 | 0.087 |
| X5 (kPa/(L/s)) | −0.12 ± 0.07; −0.11, −0.32, −0.03 | −0.08 ± 0.04; −0.07, −0.24, −0.03 | 0.003 |
| Fres (Hz) | 13.69 ± 4.99; 13.39, 7.42–24.65 | 10.60 ± 3.16; 9.85, 6.40–24.37 | 0.002 |
| AXb (kPa/(L) | 0.55 ± 0.60; 0.39, 0.04–2.60 | 0.23 ± 0.28; 0.14, 0.02–2.05 | 0.001 |
| Structural impairmentsc (n (%)) | |||
| Emphysema | 3 (13) | 4 (4) | |
| Bronchial wall thickening | 1 (4) | 14 (15) | |
| Bronchiectasis | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| Consolidation | 1 (4) | 1 (1) | |
| Cysts | 1 (4) | 2 (2) | |
| Ground glass | 2 (8) | 10 (10) | |
| Honeycombing | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| Linear scars of atelectasis | 13 (54) | 35 (37) | |
| Mosaic attenuation | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Reticular abnormality | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |
| Solid nodules | 12 (50) | 34 (35) | |
| Lymphadenopathy | 1 (4) | 1 (1) | |
| Any structural impairment | 18 (75) | 62 (65) | 0.36 |
aIn four participants, diffusing capacity could not be measured due to VC <1.5 L (n = 2) and logistical reasons (n = 2). IOS data were missing from two participants for logistical reasons.
bConditional logistic regression computed on transformed data because of highly skewed data.
cComputed tomography assessments could not be performed in one participant for logistical reasons.
AX, Reactance curve area below zero; DLCO, diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide; FEV1 , forced expiratory volume in 1 s; Fres, resonant frequency; FVC, forced vital capacity; kCO, carbon monoxide transfer coefficient; MEF50, maximal expiratory flow at 50%; R5, Resistance at 5 Hz; R5-R20, Resistance at 5 Hz minus 20 Hz; R20, Resistance at 20 Hz; SCI, spinal cord injury; VC, vital capacity; X5, Reactance at 5 Hz;