Size |
Nanoscale |
Variable, typically 50–100 nm |
Variable, typically 10–200 nm |
Variable, typically 10–500 nm |
Stability |
Good |
Moderate |
Good |
Good |
Drug Loading |
High |
Moderate |
High |
High |
Release Mechanism |
Controlled release |
Variable |
Variable |
Variable |
Targeting Ability |
Can be modified for targeting |
Can be modified for targeting |
Can be modified for targeting |
Can be modified for targeting |
Penetration |
Can penetrate biological barriers |
Can penetrate biological barriers |
Can penetrate biological barriers |
Can penetrate biological barriers |
Biocompatibility |
Generally biocompatible |
Generally biocompatible |
Generally biocompatible |
Generally biocompatible |
Immunogenicity |
Low |
Low |
Low |
Low |
Advantages |
High drug loading capacity, controlled release |
Lipid bilayer mimics cell membranes, can encapsulate a |
Versatile drug delivery system with tunable properties |
Enhanced stability, improved drug |
ability to target specific sites |
wide range of drugs |
potential for surface modification |
encapsulation |
Disadvantages |
May require additional steps for synthesis and functionalization |
Batch-to-batch variability, limited drug loading ca pacity |
Polymeric degradation can lead to loss of stability |
May require additional steps for synthesis and functionalization |