S3.

EIS patterns’ parameters, values, and errors of A1, A2, and A3 samples including silicon and graphite.

Samples, (cycle state) and goodness of fit	Parameters	Value	Error	Unit
A1 (before cycle) goodness of fit 32.49e-6	Rb	6.168	372.4e-3	ohm
	Wd	38.78e-3	9.123e-3	S*s(1/2)
	Rsei	149.6	2.863	ohm
	Rct	55.78	7.213	ohm
A1 (after cycle) goodness of fit 863.6e-18	Rb	3.523	493.0e-3	ohm
	Wd	14.83e-3	3.015e-3	S*s(1/2)
	Rsei	150.8	10.60	ohm
	Rct	153.4	24.00	ohm
A2 (before cycle) Goodness of fit 1.590e-3	Rb	2.898	309.5e-3	ohm
	Wd	41.41e-3	8.591e-3	S*s(1/2)
	Rsei	108.9	5.137	ohm
	Rct	38.72	7.676	ohm
A2 (after cycle) goodness of fit 797.8e-6	Rb	6.069	231.3e-3	ohm
	Wd	28.17e-3	7.583e-3	S*s(1/2)
	Rsei	163.6	9.892	ohm
	Rct	152.9	2.218	ohm
A3 (before cycle) goodness of fit 37.68e-3	Rb	5.144	398.4e-3	ohm
	Wd	2.212e-3	27.71e-6	S*s(1/2)
	Rsei	23.04	2.863	ohm
	Rct	36.60	3.932	ohm
A3 (after cycle) goodness of fit 2.565e-3	Rb	6.182	6.182	ohm
	Wd	2.604e-3	110.2e-6	S*s(1/2)
	Rsei	230.8	6.426	ohm
	Rct	111.6	16.41	ohm