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. 2023 Aug 3;5(8):1319–1336. doi: 10.1038/s42255-023-00839-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, OCR in human brown adipocytes (n = 11 biologically independent samples) cultured in vehicle or serotonin (10 nM to 100 μM) for 24 h, presented as the percentage of basal OCR during vehicle. NADR, noradrenaline. b, UCP1 mRNA levels in paired human white (yellow columns; n = 13 biologically independent samples) and brown (red; n = 14 biologically independent samples) adipocytes incubated with vehicle or ascending serotonin concentrations. BAds, brown adipocytes. c, OCR in human brown adipocytes (n = 7 biologically independent samples) cultured in vehicle, sertraline (1 μM) or sertraline plus serotonin (10 nM to 10 μM) for 24 h, presented as the percentage of basal OCR during vehicle. d, UCP1 mRNA levels in paired human white (n = 8 biologically independent samples) and brown (n = 9 biologically independent samples) adipocytes incubated with vehicle, sertraline (1 μM) or sertraline plus serotonin (10 nM to 10 μM) for 24 h. e, UCP1 mRNA levels in primary human brown adipocytes incubated with 100 μM serotonin with or without the inverse 5-HT_2A agonist pimavanserin (10 μM) or the 5-HT_2B receptor antagonist SB-204741 (10 μM) (n = 10 biologically independent samples). f, UCP1 mRNA levels in primary human brown adipocytes (n = 6 biologically independent samples) incubated with either vehicle or 100 μM serotonin for 24 h following siRNA-knockdown of HTR2A, HTR2B, both or an NT control. Significant P values are shown for comparisons between the respective vehicles of each group and between the groups of serotonin-treated cells. g, Immunohistochemistry of human WAT (yellow) and BAT (red), expression of SERT (left) and UCP1 (right) in BAT indicated by brown staining. Scale bar, 40 μm. h, mRNA expression in human BAT versus WAT (n = 10 biologically independent samples). i, mRNA expression in murine BAT (red) versus inguinal (beige; blue) or epididymal WAT (yellow) (n = 4 biologically independent samples). Data are mean ± s.e.m. Data were analysed by one-way (a,c,e,f) or two-way (b,d) repeated measures ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (h) or one-way ANOVA (i). Significant P values are detailed in the respective panels.

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