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. 2023 Jul 28;30(40):93255–93268. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28981-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Chirp sequence in the male calling song of Gryllus bimaculatus. a Oscillogram of chirps comprising the song with time-aligned spectrogram b generated in Audacity 3.2.1. The colors represent the decibel levels for a specific frequency at a specific time point. Brighter colors mean stronger intensities. The decibel values range from − 20 (loudest) down to − 100 dB (softest)