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. 2023 Jun 14;42(9):1395–1417. doi: 10.1007/s00299-023-03037-2

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Schematic representation and molecular regulatory network of somatic embryogenesis. a Schematic representation of somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos can be induced through somatic embryogenesis directly or indirectly. In indirect induction, embryonic callus is induced from plant somatic cells on the callus-inducing medium (CIM), and then somatic embryo formation. b Molecular regulatory network of somatic embryogenesis. Developmental regulatory genes are in yellow; hormone biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes are in green and epigenetic modification-related genes are in blue. Arrows and bar-head arrows represent activation and repression, respectively (color figure online)