Skip to main content
. 2023 Apr 27;75(3):2091–2099. doi: 10.1007/s12070-023-03788-0

Table 4.

LOS results

Initial evalution (n = 20) 3rd Month evaluation (n = 20) 6rd Month evaluation (n = 20) p Value
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD Mean ± SD
Movement velocity (°/s)
Forward 4.59 ± 0.77 4.81 ± 0.66 5.25 ± 0.67 0.010
Right forward 4.79 ± 0.98 5.32 ± 0.66 5.61 ± 0.82 0.011
Right 3.51 ± 0.62 3.89 ± 0.68 4.04 ± 0.55 0.020
Right backward 2.00 ± 0.52 2.25 ± 0.64 2.42 ± 0.51 0.078
Backward 1.14 ± 0.29 1.22 ± 0.38 1.30 ± 0.59 0.033
Left backward 1.97 ± 0.59 2.51 ± 0.77 2.79 ± 0.48 0.000
Left 3.61 ± 0.68 3.97 ± 0.60 4.25 ± 0.72 0.010
Left forward 4.91 ± 0.79 5.14 ± 0.67 5.44 ± 0.48 0.013
Endpoint (%)
Forward 73.20 ± 17.51 82.20 ± 14.50 94.30 ± 12.57 0.016
Right forward 83.10 ± 18.72 93.55 ± 13.30 99.20 ± 9.32 0.005
Right 68.55 ± 12.60 78.75 ± 12.22 75.50 ± 10.76 0.012
Right backward 69.75 ± 21.05 84.60 ± 16.13 89.95 ± 19.10 0.000
Backward 76.05 ± 19.35 88.35 ± 21.20 84.95 ± 21.26 0.090
Left backward 70.90 ± 22.94 89.70 ± 18.66 100.40 ± 15.40 0.000
Left 74.15 ± 10.76 81.20 ± 11.78 88.45 ± 10.54 0.000
Left forward 89.00 ± 15.42 92.20 ± 12.23 101.15 ± 10.95 0.017
MXE (%)
Forward 84.30 ± 13.56 89.05 ± 7.63 97.45 ± 8.99 0.007
Right forward 92.85 ± 11.51 98.40 ± 11.34 101.45 ± 7.56 0.023
Right 74.55 ± 8.35 85.60 ± 11.39 83.30 ± 7.40 0.000
Right backward 76.60 ± 15.21 91.70 ± 11.98 96.20 ± 14.06 0.000
Backward 85.85 ± 16.68 97.10 ± 14.54 99.70 ± 11.84 0.002
Left backward 81.65 ± 17.17 94.30 ± 14.68 104.50 ± 12.01 0.000
Left 79.65 ± 11.88 87.65 ± 8.95 91.75 ± 8.49 0.000
Left forward 95.10 ± 12.46 96.90 ± 8.11 103.40 ± 8.48 0.037
Reaction time (s)
Forward 1.06 ± 0.18 0.92 ± 0.20 0.95 ± 0.21 0.076
Right forward 1.04 ± 0.33 0.91 ± 0.14 0.88 ± 0.24 0.118
Right 1.05 ± 0.39 0.87 ± 0.16 0.91 ± 0.11 0.000
Right backward 0.89 ± 0.26 0.90 ± 0.12 0.91 ± 0.16 0.917
Backward 0.88 ± 0.13 4.60 ± 16.33 0.84 ± 0.28 0.000
Left backward 0.81 ± 0.37 0.92 ± 0.10 0.86 ± 0.23 0.007
Left 0.94 ± 0.20 0.89 ± 0.14 0.91 ± 0.18 0.604
Left forward 1.01 ± 0.20 0.93 ± 0.12 101.15 ± 10.95 0.000
Directional control (%)
Forward 82.70 ± 9.92 78.25 ± 12.31 78.95 ± 9.68 0.365
Right forward 66.35 ± 16.64 70.50 ± 16.17 72.85 ± 12.52 0.392
Right 68.40 ± 19.05 74.10 ± 16.98 73.55 ± 10.25 0.493
Right backward 64.45 ± 19.38 74.70 ± 11.05 70.65 ± 12.49 0.853
Backward 76.20 ± 12.34 73.70 ± 19.47 73.70 ± 20.27 0.853
Left backward 57.10 ± 21.49 69.75 ± 17.57 66.50 ± 15.97 0.055
Left 69.45 ± 18.29 74.70 ± 12.41 73.00 ± 12.49 0.498
Left forward 75.80 ± 10.32 74.50 ± 11.49 75.65 ± 11.80 0.903

One-Way ANOVA; LOS: Limits of stability; MXE: Maximum excursion; SD: Standard deviation; °/s: Degrees/second; s: Second; %: Percent; n: Number of persons