Table 3.
Descriptive statistics of all observations of 7176 non-diabetic Japanese citizens of Zentsuji city stratified by HbA1c category with missing values completed by multiple imputation method (1998–2022).
| HbA1c category | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 5.0% | 5.0–5.4% | 5.5–5.9% | 6.0–6.4% | Total | |||||||||||
| Failure | PY | IR* | Failure | PY | IR* | Failure | PY | IR* | Failure | PY | IR* | Failure | PY | IR* | |
| Time at risk | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 4441.2 | 19,532.1 | 26,026.6 | 5604.5 | 55,604.4 | ||||||||||
| Minimum | 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.34 | 0.54 | 0.34 | ||||||||||
| Maximum | 22.7 | 23.9 | 24.0 | 21.3 | 24.1 | ||||||||||
| Mean | 3.76 | 4.76 | 5.44 | 3.66 | 7.75 | ||||||||||
| Median | 2.08 | 3.10 | 4.01 | 2.13 | 6.11 | ||||||||||
| Failure | 129 | 779 | 1210 | 256 | 2374 | ||||||||||
| IRa | 29.0 | 39.9 | 46.5 | 45.7 | 42.7 | ||||||||||
| Variables | |||||||||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||||
| Female | 63 | 2743.3 | 23.0 | 471 | 12,051.7 | 39.1 | 722 | 16,286.7 | 44.3 | 169 | 3499.7 | 48.3 | 1425 | 34,581.4 | 41.2 |
| Male | 66 | 1697.9 | 38.9 | 308 | 7480.4 | 41.2 | 488 | 9739.9 | 50.1 | 87 | 2104.8 | 41.3 | 949 | 21,023.0 | 45.1 |
| Age category | |||||||||||||||
| 34–59 | 28 | 2516.1 | 11.1 | 174 | 7770.6 | 22.4 | 197 | 7204.5 | 27.3 | 28 | 1062.6 | 26.4 | 427 | 18,553.8 | 23.0 |
| 60–69 | 40 | 1009.9 | 39.6 | 235 | 6223.7 | 37.8 | 409 | 9793.1 | 41.8 | 95 | 2302.9 | 41.3 | 779 | 19,329.6 | 40.3 |
| ≥ 70 | 61 | 915.2 | 66.7 | 370 | 5537.8 | 66.8 | 604 | 9029.0 | 66.9 | 133 | 2239.0 | 59.4 | 1168 | 17,721.0 | 65.9 |
| BMI category | |||||||||||||||
| Normal | 100.0 | 3727.2 | 26.8 | 608.0 | 15,893.8 | 38.3 | 855.0 | 19,587.1 | 43.7 | 159.0 | 3660.6 | 43.4 | 1722.0 | 42,868.7 | 40.2 |
| Overweight or obeseb | 29.0 | 714.0 | 40.6 | 171.0 | 3638.3 | 47.0 | 355.0 | 6439.5 | 55.1 | 97.0 | 1943.9 | 49.9 | 652.0 | 12,735.7 | 51.2 |
| Self-reported drinking status | |||||||||||||||
| Nondrinker | 62.7 | 2338.2 | 26.8 | 478.9 | 11,171.6 | 42.9 | 769.2 | 15,849.7 | 48.5 | 171.0 | 3575.9 | 47.8 | 1481.7 | 32,935.4 | 45.0 |
| Drinker | 66.4 | 2103.0 | 31.5 | 300.1 | 8360.5 | 35.9 | 440.8 | 10,176.9 | 43.3 | 85.0 | 2028.6 | 41.9 | 892.3 | 22,669.0 | 39.4 |
| Self-reported smoking status | |||||||||||||||
| Nonsmoker | 104.3 | 3416.6 | 30.5 | 658.7 | 15,816.1 | 41.6 | 1022.6 | 21,799.5 | 46.9 | 219.2 | 4741.9 | 46.2 | 2004.8 | 45,774.1 | 43.8 |
| Smoker | 24.8 | 1024.6 | 24.2 | 120.3 | 3716.0 | 32.4 | 187.4 | 4227.0 | 44.3 | 36.8 | 862.6 | 42.6 | 369.2 | 9830.3 | 37.6 |
| Hypertensionc | |||||||||||||||
| No | 74.0 | 3210.6 | 23.0 | 481.0 | 14,210.5 | 33.8 | 795.0 | 18,481.4 | 43.0 | 140.0 | 3766.8 | 37.2 | 1490.0 | 39,669.2 | 37.6 |
| Yes | 55.0 | 1230.6 | 44.7 | 298.0 | 5321.6 | 56.0 | 415.0 | 7545.2 | 55.0 | 116.0 | 1837.7 | 63.1 | 884.0 | 15,935.1 | 55.5 |
| Dyslipidemiad | |||||||||||||||
| No | 86.8 | 3243.2 | 26.7 | 531.2 | 13,480.2 | 39.4 | 760.4 | 16,156.2 | 47.1 | 132.9 | 3144.1 | 42.3 | 1511.2 | 36,023.8 | 41.9 |
| Yes | 42.3 | 1198.0 | 35.3 | 247.8 | 6051.9 | 41.0 | 449.6 | 9870.4 | 45.6 | 123.2 | 2460.4 | 50.1 | 862.9 | 19,580.6 | 44.1 |
| Residential area | |||||||||||||||
| East | 20.5 | 851.1 | 24.0 | 151.1 | 3649.0 | 41.4 | 245.5 | 5122.4 | 47.9 | 59.6 | 1178.3 | 50.5 | 476.6 | 10,800.8 | 44.1 |
| Tatsukawa | 13.3 | 697.6 | 19.1 | 116.7 | 3022.2 | 38.6 | 183.0 | 4637.6 | 39.4 | 38.4 | 959.9 | 40.0 | 351.4 | 9317.3 | 37.7 |
| South | 22.5 | 620.7 | 36.3 | 97.9 | 2879.8 | 34.0 | 186.4 | 4059.6 | 45.9 | 46.4 | 888.7 | 52.2 | 353.2 | 8448.8 | 41.8 |
| Fudeoka | 16.3 | 647.2 | 25.1 | 94.3 | 2459.2 | 38.4 | 141.4 | 3020.4 | 46.8 | 28.6 | 713.3 | 40.0 | 280.5 | 6840.1 | 41.0 |
| Center | 25.1 | 557.9 | 45.0 | 109.0 | 2244.4 | 48.6 | 126.7 | 2538.5 | 49.9 | 25.4 | 443.3 | 57.2 | 286.2 | 5784.1 | 49.5 |
| Yoshiwara | 11.2 | 387.4 | 28.9 | 90.2 | 2035.1 | 44.3 | 119.8 | 2397.9 | 50.0 | 20.3 | 498.5 | 40.7 | 241.4 | 5318.9 | 45.4 |
| West | 11.1 | 384.4 | 28.9 | 70.1 | 1781.2 | 39.3 | 119.8 | 2344.9 | 51.1 | 22.3 | 548.6 | 40.7 | 223.3 | 5059.1 | 44.1 |
| Yogita | 9.1 | 294.9 | 30.7 | 49.8 | 1461.2 | 34.0 | 87.6 | 1905.3 | 46.0 | 15.2 | 373.9 | 40.5 | 161.5 | 4035.3 | 40.0 |
Results for multiple imputed variables (overweight or obese, self-reported drinking status, self-reported smoking status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and residential area) are averaged over 40 imputations.
BMI, Body mass index; HbA1c, Glycated hemoglobin; IR, Incidence rate; PY, Person-years.
aIncidence rate is reported per 1000 person-years.
bOverweight or obese is defined as a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.
cHypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg.
dDyslipidemia is defined as serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 140 mg/dL and/or serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol < 40 mg/dL.