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. 2023 Aug 23;14:5123. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-40727-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a UMAPs showing the distribution of ductal cells expressing the indicated maker genes (top left), ductal cell subtypes (n = 6; top right), the percentage of cells from different sample groups (bottom left) or at different CNV levels (bottom right) for each subcluster. b Heatmap showing the expression of marker genes in the six ductal cell subtypes. Selected marker genes are highlighted. c Ductal cells are grouped into different categories based on CNV score. Joyplots show the distribution of CNV score in different samples. Dashed lines in red indicate the threshold values. d CNV inferred by scRNA-seq and whole-exome sequencing (WES) data in patient P3. e The percentage of cells from HM samples is positively correlated with the proportion of cells with high level of CNVs. Fitted line and standard errors with 95% confidence intervals are shown. f Heatmap showing the scaled expression level of differentially expressed genes among cells with different CNV levels. Genes highlighted in red are also subtype-specific as shown in (b). g Heatmap showing functional pathways activated in cells with different CNV levels using GSVA analysis. h Association of relative cell abundance (estimated by CIBERSORTx) and patient survival using the TCGA PDAC cohort (n = 178) by COX regression analysis. The p value is calculated with two-sided log-rank test. i Kaplan–Meier curves of TCGA PDAC patients (n = 178) showing the survival rates grouped by the cell abundance in ductal cell clusters 2 and 4. The p value is calculated with two-sided log-rank test.