TABLE 3.
Fasting serum and urinary bone metabolism biomarkers, serum calcium, and serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) by intervention in postmenopausal women at baseline and after low, medium, and high doses of freeze-dried BB powder.
| Baseline |
Low |
Medium |
High |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (0 g/d) | (17.5 g/d) | (35 g/d) | (70 g/d) | |
| Calcium (mg/dL)1 | 37.2 ± 6.9 | 10.03 ± 0.54 | 10.24 ± 0.59 | 10.18 ± 0.45 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/mL)1 | 10.10 ± 0.46 | 36.8 ± 6.5 | 36.4 ± 5.9 | 36.0 ± 5.5 |
| Hormones | ||||
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 106.6 ± 32.7 | 100.6 ± 29.1 | 100.8 ± 33.5 | 104.6 ± 36.5 |
| IGFBP-3 (μg/mL) | 2.06 ± 0.26 | 2.10 ± 0.36 | 2.08 ± 0.36 | 2.11 ± 0.33 |
| IGF-1/IGFBP-3 (ng/μg/mL) | 51.8 ± 14.6 | 48.0 ± 11.7 | 48.5 ± 13.2 | 49.1 ± 12.6 |
| Bone resorption markers | ||||
| CTx-II (pg/mL) | 454.3 ± 141.9 | 597.4 ± 405.7 | 540.4 ± 306.6 | 671.0 ± 496.3 |
| NTx (nM BCE/mM Cr) | 141.1 ± 107.7 | 162.7 ± 119.5 | 134.2 ± 121.5 | 165.8 ± 120.3 |
| Osteocyte activity markers | ||||
| OPG (pmol/L) | 5.02 ± 1.02 | 4.75 ± 0.97 | 5.08 ± 1.18 | 5.26 ± 1.25 |
| Sclerostin (ng/mL) | 0.79 ± 0.22 | 0.83 ± 0.21 | 0.85 ± 0.20 | 0.86 ± 0.18 |
Data were analyzed by RM ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test. Data are means ± SD, n = 13. No statistical significance was observed in any of the tabulated outcomes.
Abbreviations: BB, blueberry; BCE, bone collagen equivalents; CTx-II, C-telopeptide of type II collagen; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1; IGFBP-3, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3; NTx, N-terminal telopeptide; OPG, osteoprotegerin.
1
Serum calcium and 25(OH)D were assessed at baseline and prior to each intervention phase.