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. 2023 Apr 5;117(6):1096–1109. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.04.001

TABLE 2.

Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of omega-3 supplementation use and its blood biomarkers for AD risk in ADNI cohort

AD cases/total Model 1
P
Model 2
P
Model 3
P
HR (95%CI) HR (95%CI) HR (95%CI)
Omega-3 supplementation
 non-exposure 248/863 1 (reference) 1 (reference) 1 (reference)
 exposure 59/272 0.73 (0.55-0.97) 0.029 0.71 (0.53-0.94) 0.018 0.72 (0.54-0.97) 0.031
 medium-term exposure 51/204 0.87 (0.64-1.18) 0.370 0.84 (0.62-1.14) 0.262 0.85 (0.62-1.16) 0.304
 long-term exposure 8/68 0.36 (0.18-0.72) 0.004 0.35 (0.17-0.71) 0.004 0.37 (0.18-0.75) 0.006
Blood markers
 omega-3 287/867 0.91 (0.52-1.61) 0.752 1.15 (0.65-2.03) 0.640 1.28 (0.71-2.30) 0.407
 DHA 287/867 0.86 (0.57-1.30) 0.485 1.05 (0.70-1.57) 0.832 1.13 (0.74-1.71) 0.571
 ALA 287/867 1.08 (0.64-1.83) 0.781 1.23 (0.74-2.05) 0.428 1.27 (0.75-2.17) 0.374

Model 1: crude HR with no covariates adjusted;

Model 2: HR adjusted for age, sex, education, clinical diagnosis, and APOE ε4;

Model 3: HR adjusted for Model 2 plus insomnia, depression, anxiety, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, BMI, stroke, and coronary artery disease, alcohol intake, multivitamins, vitamin B12, folate, anti-hypertensive drugs and antidiabetic drugs.