Table 1.

Demographics, procedural details, and postoperative outcome in patients who underwent surgery with circulatory arrest or did not.

	Circulatory arrest (n = 14)	Non-circulatory arrest (n = 24)	p	Effect size (d)	95% CI
Age, years	76.1 ± 8.6	73.2 ± 6.7	0.254	0.39	[− 0.27, 1.05]
Sex, male/female	7/7	15/9	0.510	0.22	[− 0.42, 0.85]
IQCODE	3.1 ± 0.1	3.2 ± 0.2	0.297	0.36	[− 0.30, 1.02]
Hypertension	11 (78.6%)	5 (20.8%)	0.002	1.15	[0.42, 1.89]
Diabetes	2 (14.3%)	2 (8.3%)	0.977	0.01	[− 0.63, 0.65]
Coronary artery disease	2 (14.3%)	0 (0%)	0.250	0.38	[− 0.27, 1.03]
COPD	1 (7.1%)	0 (0%)	0.782	0.09	[− 0.55, 0.73]
CVA	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Surgery
Total arch replacement	8 (57.1%)
Partial arch replacement	6 (42.9%)
Abdominal aorta replacement		21 (87.5%)
Thoracoabdominal aorta replacement		3 (12.5%)
Circulatory arrest time, min	52.0 [47.0–57.0]
Aortic cross clamp time, min	113.0 [100.0–122.0]
Cardiopulmonary bypass time, min	142.5 [134.0–163.0]
Operation time, min	309.0 [282.0–327.0]	114.0 [90.5–183.5]	< 0.001	1.34	[0.62, 2.07]
Postoperative outcome
Overall mortality	0 (0%)	1 (4.2%)
In-hospital mortality	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Postoperative stroke	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Silent embolic stroke on MRI	11 (78.6%)	4 (16.7%)	0.001	1.26	[0.51, 2.01]
Silent microhemorrhage on MRI	2 (14.3%)	3 (12.5%)	1.000	0.00	[− 0.64, 0.64]
Hospital stay, day	17.0 [14.0–23.0]	12.0 [8.5–19.0]	0.071	0.61	[− 0.05, 1.27]
ICU stay, day	2.0 [1.0–3.0]	1.0 [1.0–2.5]	0.011	0.91	[0.20, 1.60]

Values expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range] for continuous data and number (percent) for categorical data.

CI, confidence interval, COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; IQCODE, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly; rsfMRI, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; ICU, intensive care unit.