FIGURE 3.

Cubic spline curves for the association between polyphenol intake and hypertension risk (N = 11,056). The associations between intakes of total polyphenol (A), flavonoid (B), phenolic acid (C), lignan (D), stilbene (E), other polyphenol (F) with hypertension risk. HR (95% CI) based on mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards models with a random intercept for household, adjusted for age, sex, district, region, education, income, physical activity, smoking status, drinking status, BMI, abdominal obesity, baseline systolic blood pressure, diabetes, MI, stroke, intakes of total energy, sodium, potassium, fiber, and PUFA. Polyphenol intake was adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method. Data were truncated at the 99th percentiles of polyphenol intake to limit the impact of extreme values. P_overall and P_nonlinearity were calculated using the likelihood ratio test.