TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline by intervention group1
| Vitamin D | Placebo | |
|---|---|---|
| N | 66 | 70 |
| Age, y | 73.7 ± 6.3 | 73.1 ± 6.3 |
| Female, n (%) | 32 (48.5%) | 35 (50.0%) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| Caucasian | 45 (68.2%) | 47 (67.1%) |
| African American | 21 (31.8%) | 23 (32.9%) |
| ≤ High school education, n (%) | 20 (30.3%) | 14 (20.0%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.2 ± 4.3 | 30.4 ± 4.6 |
| SPPB score | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 7.8 ± 1.7 |
| MoCA score | 23.3 ± 3.2 | 24.4 ± 2.7 |
| CES-D score | 7.9 ± 6.7 | 7.1 ± 7.1 |
| Dietary intakes | ||
| Calcium, mg/d | 476.6 ± 302.2 | 472.1 ± 265.2 |
| Vitamin D, IU/d | 224.5 ± 147.2 | 186.9 ± 107.9 |
| Calcium supplement use, n (%) | 19 (28.8%) | 28 (40.0%) |
| Dose among users, mg/d | 363.7 ± 227.7 | 311.2 ± 190.3 |
| Vitamin D supplement use, n (%) | 30 (45.5%) | 37 (52.9%) |
| Dose among users, IU/d | 689.2 ± 286.3 | 727.5 ± 226.2 |
| Moderate-intensity physical activity, min/wk | 296.8 ± 345.2 | 289.9 ± 339.7 |
| Fallen in the past year, n(%) | ||
| No falls | 28 (42.4%) | 34 (48.6%) |
| 1 fall | 14 (21.2%) | 19 (27.1%) |
| 2+ falls | 24 (36.4%) | 17 (24.3%) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 76.7 ± 14.0 | 74.7 ± 15.5 |
| Serum calcium, mg/dL | 9.4 ± 0.4 | 9.5 ± 0.4 |
| 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 19.4 ± 4.2 | 19.9 ± 4.9 |
| 1,25(OH)2D, pg/mL | 29.6 ± 9.7 | 30.5 ± 9.3 |
| Season, n (%) | ||
| Fall | 15 (22.7%) | 15 (21.4%) |
| Winter | 9 (13.6%) | 16 (22.9%) |
| Spring | 18 (27.3%) | 18 (25.7%) |
| Summer | 24 (36.4%) | 21 (30.0%) |
| Chronic conditions, n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 48 (72.7%) | 45 (64.3%) |
| Diabetes | 15 (22.7%) | 17 (24.3%) |
| Heart disease | 3 (4.5%) | 7 (10.0%) |
| Chronic lung disease | 7 (10.6%) | 5 (7.1%) |
| History of stroke | 7 (10.6%) | 4 (5.7%) |
| Stage 3a kidney disease | 8 (12.1%) | 11 (15.7%) |
BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SD, standard deviation; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; 1,25(OH)D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
Stage 3a kidney disease, eGFR of 45 to <60 mL/min/1.73m2.
1
Mean ± SD or N (frequencies).