TABLE 1.
Baseline demographics based on proton pump inhibitors use in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study
| Medication n (%) | ALA (PPI or H2RA) use |
No ALA 973 (68.1) | P value1 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPI user 361 (25.3) | H2A user 112 (7.84) | ALA user 455 (31.9) | |||
| Age (y), median (min, max) | 59 (45, 75) | 57 (45, 72) | 58 (45, 75) | 55 (45, 75) | <0.012 |
| Male n (%) | 83 (22.9) | 22 (19.6) | 100 (21.9) | 321 (32.9) | <0.013 |
| Premenopausal with estrogen use n (%) | 48 (13.3) | 14 (12.5) | 58 (12.7) | 134 (13.8) | |
| Postmenopausal without estrogen use n (%) | 230 (63.7) | 76 (67.9) | 297 (65.3) | 518 (53.2) | |
| Education <8th grade n (%) | 191 (52.9) | 65 (58.0) | 245 (53.8) | 420 (43.2) | <0.013 |
| Education ≥8th grade n (%) | 169 (46.8) | 47 (41.9) | 209 (45.9) | 551 (56.6) | |
| Never smoker n (%) | 163 (45.2) | 47 (42.0) | 203 (44.7) | 440 (45.3) | 0.863 |
| Past and current smoke n (%) | 197 (54.6) | 65 (58.0) | 251 (55.3) | 531 (54.7) | |
| Alcohol intake never n (%) | 235 (65.1) | 67 (59.8) | 289 (63.5) | 494 (50.1) | <0.013 |
| Alcohol intake moderate n (%) | 104 (28.8) | 34 (30.4) | 134 (29.5) | 383 (39.4) | |
| Alcohol intake heavy n (%) | 18 (5.0) | 9 (8.0) | 26 (5.7) | 89 (9.2) | |
| Physical activity median (min, max) | 29.2 (24.3, 53.1) | 29.7 (25.4, 44.1) | 29.4 (24.3, 53.1) | 30.8 (24.8, 62.6) | <0.012 |
| BMI <25 n (%) | 40 (11.1) | 13 (11.6) | 48 (10.5) | 149 (15.3) | <0.013 |
| BMI ≥25 and <30 n (%) | 92 (25.5) | 30 (26.8) | 116 (25.5) | 309 (31.8) | |
| BMI ≥30 n (%) | 229 (63.4) | 69 (61.6) | 291 (63.9) | 515 (52.9) | |
| Hypertension n (%) | 268 (74.2) | 88 (78.6) | 343 (75.4) | 618 (63.5) | <0.014 |
| Stroke n (%) | 24 (6.65) | 4 (3.57) | 27 (5.93) | 27 (2.77) | <0.014 |
| Diabetes n (%) | 154 (42.7) | 51 (45.5) | 194 (42.6) | 365 (37.5) | 0.074 |
| Gastrointestinal disorders n (%) | 228 (63.3) | 61 (54.5) | 278 (61.1) | 175 (18.0) | <0.014 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) median (min, max) | 0.8 (0.4, 4.7) | 0.8 (0.5, 3.3) | 0.8 (0.4, 4.7) | 0.8 (0.4, 7.9) | 0.472 |
| CRP (mg/L) median (min, max) | 4.1 (0.1, 56.6) | 3.9 (0, 69.8) | 4.1 (0, 69.8) | 3.4 (0, 127) | 0.012 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) median (min, max) | 184 (89, 375) | 175 (94, 320) | 182 (89, 375) | 182 (87, 355) | 0.352 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) median (min, max) | 104 (64, 476) | 107.5 (64, 255) | 105 (64, 476) | 102 (47, 587) | 0.332 |
| Metformin n (%) | 96 (26.6) | 30 (26.8) | 120 (26.4) | 188 (19.3) | 0.0034 |
| Multivitamin n (%) | 128 (35.5) | 34 (30.36) | 157 (34.5) | 266 (27.3) | 0.0514 |
| ACE inhibitor n (%) | 27 (7.48%) | 5 (4.46%) | 31 (6.81%) | 45 (4.62%) | 0.114 |
| Plasma folate (ng/mL) | 40.3 (9.8, 155) | 41.3 (7.3, 131) | 40.3 (7.3, 155) | 38.8 (5.9, 199) | 0.082 |
| Plasma homocysteine (μmol/L) | 8.1 (3.5, 69.4) | 8.4 (4.1, 55) | 8.1 (3.5, 69.4) | 8.1 (3.9, 56) | 0.992 |
ALA, acid-lowering agent; H2RA, histamine 2 receptor antagonists; min, max, minimum, maximum; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
1
ALA user compared with never user.
2
Wilcox test.
3
Fisher's exact test.
4
χ2 test.