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. 2023 Jun 3;153(8):2181–2192. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.003

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

A randomized, controlled, crossover, domiciled feeding study comparing metabolomic responses following consumption of an ultraprocessed dietary pattern and an unprocessed dietary pattern. Metabolites were measured in EDTA plasma, 24-h urine, and spot urine at the time points indicated above for (n = 20) participants. Within-individual differences in relative levels of metabolites were compared between dietary intervention phases (ultraprocessed dietary pattern compared with unprocessed dietary pattern) at week 2 for plasma and at week 1 and week 2 for 24-h and spot urine. Relative levels of metabolites were also compared over time (changes from week 1 to week 2 within an individual) for 24-h and spot urine during the ultraprocessed dietary pattern and during the unprocessed dietary pattern. EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.