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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Neuropsychol. 2023 Feb 24;30(2):203–220. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2181946

Table 2.

Performance on major cognitive domains across all three groups.

HC HC vs. Asym
p(eff)
Asym Asym vs.
Sym p(eff)
Sym HC vs. Sym
p(eff)
Cognitive Measures at SA
AT 49.71±7.78 0.051(0.016) 47.82±7.63 0.158(0.008) 46.27±7.67 0.002(0.046)*
PS 50.14±7.83 0.019(0.020) 47.85±7.69 0.354(0.004) 46.83±7.73 0.003(0.044)*
EF 49.23±6.53 0.047(0.015) 47.61±6.41 0.257(0.006) 46.58±6.44 0.004(0.038)*
WM 49.02±8.69 0.135(0.008) 47.39±8.53 0.940(0.000) 47.49±8.58 0.212(0.004)
VM 9.10±2.38 0.001(0.038)* 8.14±2.34 0.143(0.009) 7.65±2.35 <0.001(0.092)*
Cognitive Measures at EC
AT 50.24±7.09 0.325(0.006) 49.29±6.98 0.820(0.000) 49.55±7.07 0.538(0.001)
PS 52.39±8.80 0.284(0.006) 51.12±8.67 0.719(0.002) 51.62±8.76 0.569(0.003)
EF 52.34±6.01 0.010(0.033)* 50.26±5.91 0.531(0.003) 50.84±5.97 0.107(0.016)
WM 49.94±9.10 0.807(0.000) 49.64±8.96 0.067(0.026) 47.03±9.06 0.039(0.017)
VM 9.11±2.07 <0.001(0.094)* 7.74±2.04 0.449(0.002) 7.98±2.06 <0.001(0.068)*

Notes: HC-healthy control; Asym-asymptomatic; Sym-symptomatic; SA-sub-acute; EC-early chronic; AT-attention; PS-processing speed; EF-executive functioning; WM-working memory; VM-verbal memory; eff-partial eta. All values are covariate-adjusted for WRAT-4 word reading.

*

Indicates significance. Bonferroni corrected level of 0.01. All cognitive measures are norm-referenced T-scores except for VM which uses raw scores.