Table 3.
Relative odds of cognitive and physical functioning impairment in Asian older adults relative to White, Black, and Hispanic older adults with different socioeconomic status
| ADL disability | IADL disability | Memory impairment (CERAD-WL) | Verbal fluency impairment (AFT) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95 % Confidence Intervals) | ||||
| Divided by education | ||||
| Whites ≤high school vs. Whites >high school | 1.16 (0.75,1.80) | 1.58 (0.99,2.51) | 2.40 (1.31,4.41)** | 3.73 (2.10,6.61)*** |
| Blacks ≤high school vs. Blacks >high school | 1.37 (0.89,2.11) | 1.31 (0.85,2.02) | 1.46 (0.95,2.23) | 1.79 (0.99,3.25) |
| Hispanics ≤high school vs. Hispanics >high school | 1.57 (1.23,2.02)*** | 1.63 (1.25,2.11)*** | 2.60 (1.68,4.02)*** | 1.91(1.60,2.27)*** |
| Asians ≤high school vs. Asians >high school | 3.40 (2.20,5.25)*** | 2.58 (1.65,4.03)** | 11.57 (6.59,20.31)*** | 1.84 (0.71,4.79) |
| Divided by income | ||||
| Whites in poverty vs. Whites not in poverty | 2.22 (1.71,2.89)*** | 1.99 (1.53,2.60)*** | 3.34 (2.24,4.98)*** | 1.82 (1.27,2.59)** |
| Blacks in poverty vs. Blacks not in poverty | 1.95 (1.46,2.60)*** | 1.72 (1.30,2.29)*** | 1.46 (1.45,1.46)*** | 2.20 (1.48,3.28)*** |
| Hispanics in poverty vs. Hispanics not in poverty | 1.79 (1.37,2.34)*** | 1.61 (1.22,2.12)*** | 2.10 (1.53,2.88)*** | 1.55 (1.31,1.83)*** |
| Asians in poverty vs. Asians not in poverty | 2.02 (1.16,3.55)* | 1.92 (1.51,2.44)*** | 2.07 (0.96,4.46) | 1.62 (0.81,3.21) |
Note: ADL = Activities of Daily Living; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; CERAD-WL = Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word List; AFT = Animal Fluency Test
All models were adjusted for age, sex, place of birth, language use, marital status, health insurance, smoking, and alcohol intake, and accounted for NHANES sampling weight
* P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001