Table 10.
Inflammation and inflammatory markers, concordant versus discordant plant-based index comparisons.
| Outcome | N | hPDI versus PDI statistical significance with outcome | hPDI versus uPDI statistical significance with outcome | Studies (references) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Favors hPDI* | Both same† | Favors PDI‡ | Favors hPDI* | Both same† | Favors uPDI‡ | |||
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | (17, 24, 27, 81, 89) |
| Interleukin 1 beta | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (81) |
| Interleukin 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (24) |
| Transforming growth factor beta | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (27, 81) |
| osteocalcin | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (89) |
| Human C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (89) |
| 25-hydroxy vitamin D | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (89) |
| Parathyroid hormone | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (89) |
PDI, plant-based dietary index; hPDI, healthful PDI; uPDI, unhealthful PDI. *Favors hPDI if hPDI hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the comparator (PDI or uPDI): e.g., hPDI significantly favorable and comparator non-significant or unfavorable, or hPDI non-significant and comparator unfavorable. †Both same if hPDI hazard ratio has same relationship to outcome as comparator (both significantly favorable, both non-significant, or both significantly unfavorable). ‡Favors comparator (PDI or uPDI) if hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the hPDI: e.g., comparator significantly favorable and hPDI non-significant or unfavorable, or comparator non-significant and hPDI unfavorable.