Table 11.
Obesity, concordant versus discordant plant-based index comparisons.
| Outcome | N | hPDI versus PDI statistical significance with outcome | hPDI versus uPDI statistical significance with outcome | Studies (references) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Favors hPDI* | Both same† | Favors PDI‡ | Favors hPDI* | Both same† | Favors uPDI‡ | |||
| Adiponectin | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (24) |
| Adiposity, subcutaneous | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (83) |
| Adiposity, visceral | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | (83, 88) |
| Alanine transaminase | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (69) |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (69) |
| Aspartate transaminase | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (69) |
| Body mass index | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | (65–67, 78, 91, 99) |
| Body mass index ≥30 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (34) |
| Leptin | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (24) |
| Leptin, free index | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (24) |
| Leptin, soluble receptor | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (24) |
| Liver disease, fatty | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | (55, 60, 69, 83) |
| Liver signal intensity | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (83) |
| Liver, fatty index | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (68) |
| MUO by IDF criteria | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (72) |
| MUO by HOMA-IR criteria | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (72) |
| Obesity, central | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | (29, 42, 47, 88, 105) |
| Obesity, general | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | (88, 98) |
| Overweight or obese | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | (38, 105) |
| Retinol binding protein 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (24) |
HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; MUO, metabolically unhealthy obestity phenotype; PDI, plant-based dietary index; hPDI, healthful PDI; uPDI, unhealthful PDI. *Favors hPDI if hPDI hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the comparator (PDI or uPDI): e.g., hPDI significantly favorable and comparator non-significant or unfavorable, or hPDI non-significant and comparator unfavorable. †Both same if hPDI hazard ratio has same relationship to outcome as comparator (both significantly favorable, both non-significant, or both significantly unfavorable). ‡Favors comparator (PDI or uPDI) if hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the hPDI: e.g., comparator significantly favorable and hPDI non-significant or unfavorable, or comparator non-significant and hPDI unfavorable.