Table 2.

Association of plant-based indices with health outcomes, showing the frequency of association type (favorable, unfavorable, or nonsignificant) for each index (hPDI, PDI, or uPDI).

Association*	hPDI, n = 268† (%)	PDI, n = 260† (%)	uPDI, n = 249† (%)
Significant favorable association	97 (36.2)	64 (24.6)	5 (2.0)
Significant unfavorable association	1 (0.4)	1 (0.4)	81 (32.5)
Nonsignificant association	170 (63.4)	195 (75.0)	163 (65.5)

PDI, overall plant-based dietary index; hPDI, healthful PDI; uPDI, unhealthful PDI. ^*Association with outcome was significant if p < 0.05, favorable if the highest level of the index (e.g., quartile, quintile, decile) was associated with a more favorable outcome than the lowest level, unfavorable if associated with a more unfavorable outcome. ^†Number of comparisons for the specific index, which exceeds the number of studies (95) because of multiple comparisons in most studies.