Table 5.
Mortality and cardiovascular diseases, concordant versus discordant plant-based index comparisons.
| Outcome | N | hPDI versus PDI statistical significance with outcome | hPDI versus uPDI statistical significance with outcome | Studies (references) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Favors hPDI* | Both same† | Favors PDI‡ | Favors hPDI* | Both same† | Favors uPDI‡ | |||
| All-cause mortality | 10 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | (20, 23, 35, 44, 46, 50, 59, 82, 95, 101) |
| Cardiovascular disease mortality | 7 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | (25, 35, 41, 44, 54, 87, 101) |
| Cancer mortality | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | (23, 50, 59, 95) |
| Breast cancer mortality | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (20) |
| Non-breast cancer mortality | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | (20) |
| Coronary heart disease | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | (87, 101) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | (44, 54, 76, 101) |
| Stroke | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | (25, 101) |
PDI, plant-based dietary index; hPDI, healthful PDI; uPDI, unhealthful PDI. *Favors hPDI if hPDI hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the comparator (PDI or uPDI): e.g., hPDI significantly favorable and comparator non-significant or unfavorable, or hPDI non-significant and comparator unfavorable. †Both same if hPDI hazard ratio has same relationship to outcome as comparator (both significantly favorable, both non-significant, or both significantly unfavorable). ‡Favors comparator (PDI or uPDI) if hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the hPDI: e.g., comparator significantly favorable and hPDI non-significant or unfavorable, or comparator non-significant and hPDI unfavorable.