Table 6.
Cardiometabolic risk factors, concordant versus discordant plant-based index comparisons.
| Outcome | N | hPDI versus PDI statistical significance with outcome | hPDI versus uPDI statistical significance with outcome | Studies (references) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Favors hPDI* | Both same† | Favors PDI‡ | Favors hPDI* | Both same† | Favors uPDI‡ | |||
| Hypertension | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | (48, 49, 51, 57, 88) |
| HDL cholesterol | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 0 | (26, 34, 48, 65, 78, 90, 91, 99) |
| LDL cholesterol | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | (26, 34, 65, 90, 99) |
| Lip accumulation product | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (88) |
| Metabolic syndrome | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | (19, 47, 48, 66, 76) |
| Non-HDL | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (90) |
| Systolic blood pressure | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | (15, 34, 65, 78) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | (16, 34, 65, 78) |
| Trimethylamine oxide | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (40) |
| Total cholesterol | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | (34, 65, 90, 91, 99) |
| Total cholesterol/HDL | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | (65, 99) |
| Triglycerides, high | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 0 | (26, 34, 48, 65, 88, 90, 91) |
| Triglyceride-glucose index | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (88) |
| Triglyceride/HDL | 1 | (65) | ||||||
| Weight | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (26) |
| Waist circumference | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0 | (34, 78, 91, 99) |
| Waist, hyper-triglycemic | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | (91) |
| Glucose, high | 5 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | (26, 34, 48, 65, 78, 88) |
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PDI, plant-based dietary index; hPDI, healthful PDI; uPDI, unhealthful PDI. *Favors hPDI if hPDI hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the comparator (PDI or uPDI): e.g., hPDI significantly favorable and comparator non-significant or unfavorable, or hPDI non-significant and comparator unfavorable. †Both same if hPDI hazard ratio has same relationship to outcome as comparator (both significantly favorable, both non-significant, or both significantly unfavorable). ‡Favors comparator (PDI or uPDI) if hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the hPDI: e.g., comparator significantly favorable and hPDI non-significant or unfavorable, or comparator non-significant and hPDI unfavorable.