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. 2023 Aug 10;10:1211535. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1211535

Table 8.

Cancer incidence, concordant versus discordant plant-based index comparisons.

Outcome N hPDI versus PDI statistical significance with outcome hPDI versus uPDI statistical significance with outcome Studies (references)
Favors hPDI* Both same Favors PDI Favors hPDI* Both same Favors uPDI
Prostate cancer, total 1 0 1 0 NS NS NS (64)
Breast cancer 5 1 4 0 2 3 0 (80, 84–86)
Breast cancer, recurrence 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 (20)
Colorectal cancer 3 0 3 0 3 1 0 (52, 97, 102)
Esophageal cancer 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 (79)
Stomach cancer 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 (79)
Pancreatic cancer 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 (79)

PDI, plant-based dietary index; hPDI, healthful PDI; uPDI, unhealthful PDI. *Favors hPDI if hPDI hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the comparator (PDI or uPDI): e.g., hPDI significantly favorable and comparator non-significant or unfavorable, or hPDI non-significant and comparator unfavorable. Both same if hPDI hazard ratio has same relationship to outcome as comparator (both significantly favorable, both non-significant, or both significantly unfavorable). Favors comparator (PDI or uPDI) if hazard ratio statistical significance for the outcome is more favorable than the hPDI: e.g., comparator significantly favorable and hPDI non-significant or unfavorable, or comparator non-significant and hPDI unfavorable.