. 2023 Aug 4;9(8):e18808. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18808

Table 11.

Comparison of dc/dc converters in electric vehicles.

DC-DC Converter	Current/Voltage Ripple	Switching Frequency	Complexity of Control Circuit	High power Conversion	EMI Suppression	Cost	Voltage Gain	Active components			Passive components
DC-DC Converter	Current/Voltage Ripple	Switching Frequency	Complexity of Control Circuit	High power Conversion	EMI Suppression	Cost	Voltage Gain	D	SW	HFT	L	C
CC [65,68]	Simple	High	Simple	Appropriate	Reduced	Low	$\frac{- D}{1 - D}$	2	2	0	2	2
SCBC [94,98]	Moderate	High	Moderate	Appropriate	Needed	Medium	$\frac{2}{1 - D}$	4	4	0	1	3
CIBC [69,72]	Moderate	High	Moderate	Appropriate	Needed	Low	$\frac{2 + n - D}{1 - D}$	3	3	0	2	3
QZBC [77,80,81]	Simple	High	Complex	Appropriate	Needed	Medium	$\frac{1 + D}{1 - D}$	3	3	0	2	3
MDIBC [84,[90], [91], [92]]	Complex	Low	Complex	Appropriate	Reduced	Low	$\frac{1}{1 - n D}$	16	16	0	4	1
PPC [108,110]	Simple	High	Complex	Appropriate	Reduced	Low	nD	4	4	1	1	1
FC [102,106,107]	Simple	High	Moderate	Not appropriate	Needed	Low	$\frac{n D}{1 - D}$	2	2	1	0	2
RC [119,121,124]	Simple	High	Moderate	Appropriate	Reduced	Low	n [j2πfsw]	8	8	1	2	3
ZVSC [113,115,116]	Complex	Low	Complex	Appropriate	Reduced	Medium	$\frac{2}{π}$ D (1-D)	4	4	1	1	5
MPIC [126,128]	Complex	Low	Complex	Appropriate	Needed	High	$\frac{n + 1}{1 - D}$	12	12	1	2	1

CC-CUK converter, SCBC-Switched capacitor bidirectional converter, CIBC-coupled inductor bidirectional converter, QZBC-Quazi z-source bidirectional converter, MDIBC-Multidevice interleaved bidirectional converter, PPC- push-pull converter, FC- Fly-back converter, RC-Resonant converter, ZVSC- Zero voltage switching converter, MPIC- Multiport Interleaved converter