| Peak device stress on primary and secondary side |
High |
Mid low |
| Transformer KVA rating |
High |
Medium |
| Power output to transformer KVA rating |
Low |
Medium |
| Input and output capacitor RMS currents |
High |
Medium |
| Operation |
Unidirectional |
Unidirectional |
| Conduction losses |
High |
Medium |
| Control complexity |
Moderate |
Very simple |
| Wide battery voltage, fixed bus voltage |
No, needs additional DC/DC stage |
Yes (with reduced efficiency) |
| Paralleling modules |
Intensive |
Easy |
| Switching frequency |
Fixed/High/(Si/SIC) |
High |
| switching loss when Turn ON |
ZVS |
ZVS |
| switching loss when Turn OFF |
Low (ZCS) |
High |
| Total losses |
Low |
Higher |
