. 2023 May 26;14:383–402. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.009

Table 2.

Effects of dexamethasone, chlorogenic acid, or their interaction on the serum immune parameters of broilers.

Item	IgA, ng/mL	IgM, ng/mL	IL-1β, pg/mL	IL-4, pg/mL	IL-6, pg/mL	IL-10, pg/mL	IL-12, pg/mL	IL-18, ng/L	IL-22, ng/L	TNF-α, pg/mL	IFN-γ, pg/mL	CXCL1, ng/L	CXCL2, ng/L
Control	333.77	1097.70	709.56^b	187.46^ab	86.61^c	56.45^a	534.33^b	105.19^b^c	19.16^b	93.33	12.86^a	189.78^b	187.87^b
DEX	349.95	887.38	800.67^a	131.52^c	122.55^a	37.43^b	651.00^a	202.99^a	28.10^a	114.00	7.23^b	258.61^a	280.04^a
CGA	381.08	1241.75	693.44^b	195.78^a	98.64^b	47.01^ab	496.33^c	124.84^bc	14.88^b	89.76	11.34^a	164.78^c	145.83^c
DEX + CGA	341.13	1176.67	698.44^b	170.46^b	100.05^b	54.29^a	403.67^c	76.26^c	17.01^b	96.85	11.27^a	140.40^c	142.76^c
SEM	12.24	48.63	12.53	6.24	3.14	2.18	24.60	10.31	1.24	3.03	0.49	10.01	12.81
Main effect
CGA
−	341.86	992.54	755.11	160.49	104.58	46.94	592.67	154.09	23.63	103.67	10.04	224.20	232.46
+	361.10	1209.21	695.94	183.13	99.34	50.65	450.00	100.55	15.94	93.31	11.31	152.29	144.30
DEX
−	357.43	1169.72	701.50	192.62	92.62	51.73	515.33	115.02	17.02	91.54	12.10	177.28	165.35
+	329.61	1032.02	749.56	151.00	111.30	45.86	527.33	139.62	22.55	105.43	9.25	199.51	211.40
P-value
CGA	0.12	0.02	<0.01	<0.01	0.14	0.27	0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.05	0.01	<0.01	<0.01
DEX	0.22	0.12	0.02	<0.01	<0.01	0.09	0.73	<0.01	<0.01	0.01	<0.01	0.02	<0.01
Interaction	0.59	0.41	0.03	0.04	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.03	0.19	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01

DEX = dexamethasone; CGA = chlorogenic acid; DEX + CGA = dexamethasone + chlorogenic acid; Ig = immunoglobulin; IL = interleukin; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor α; IFN-γ = interferon γ; CXCL= CXC chemokine ligand.

^a,b,c Within a column, means without a common superscriptdiffer significantly (P < 0.05). n = 6 for each group.