. 2023 May 26;14:383–402. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.05.009

Table 3.

Effects of dexamethasone, chlorogenic acid, or their interaction on the jejunal immune parameters of broilers.

Item	IgA, ng/mg prot	IgM, ng/mg prot	IL-1β, pg/mg prot	IL-4, pg/mg prot	IL-6, pg/mg prot	IL-10, pg/mg prot	IL-12, pg/mg prot	IL-18, ng/mg prot	IL-22, ng/mg prot	TNF-α, pg/mg prot	IFN-γ, pg/mg prot	CXCL1, ng/mg prot	CXCL2, ng/mg prot
Control	29.53	63.77	5.34^b	1.56^a	0.26^b	0.53	714.41^b	10.22^b	2.72^b	0.44^c	18.75	12.42^c	16.47^b
DEX	18.39	50.06	7.34^a	1.15^c	0.34^a	0.48	889.90^a	14.87^a	4.48^a	0.53^a	16.64	21.75^a	26.01^a
CGA	27.29	72.32	5.33^b	1.38^b	0.22^c	0.56	700.69^b	9.51^b	2.54^b	0.49^b	17.31	15.00^bc	15.63^b
DEX + CGA	22.26	68.54	5.41^b	1.33^b	0.23^c	0.54	635.98^b	10.38^b	2.68^b	0.51^ab	16.80	16.09^b	17.12^b
SEM	1.26	2.31	0.21	0.039	0.011	0.013	24.78	0.50	0.18	0.01	1.19	0.87	0.95
Main effect
CGA
−	23.96	56.91	6.34	1.35	0.30	0.50	802.16	12.55	3.60	0.49	17.70	17.08	21.24
+	24.78	70.43	5.37	1.35	0.22	0.55	668.33	9.95	2.61	0.50	17.06	15.54	16.38
DEX
−	28.41	68.04	5.33	1.47	0.24	0.54	707.55	9.87	2.63	0.47	18.03	13.71	16.05
+	20.32	59.30	6.38	1.24	0.28	0.51	762.94	12.63	3.58	0.52	16.72	18.92	21.56
P-value
CGA	0.67	<0.01	<0.01	0.98	<0.01	0.08	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.43	0.80	0.16	<0.01
DEX	<0.01	0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.16	0.10	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.61	<0.01	<0.01
Interaction	0.12	0.14	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.58	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.03	0.75	<0.01	<0.01

DEX = dexamethasone; CGA = chlorogenic acid; DEX + CGA = dexamethasone + chlorogenic acid; Ig = immunoglobulin; IL = interleukin; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor α; IFN-γ = interferon γ; CXCL = CXC chemokine ligand.

^a,b,c Within a column, means without a common superscriptdiffer significantly (P < 0.05). n = 6 for each group.