Table 4.
Changes on the pharmacological exposure and parasitological effects on nematode infected lambs treated with closantel (CLO) and moxidectin (MXD) by the subcutaneous (SC) and oral route, each alone or as a co-administered (+) treatment.
| Experimental groups | Pharmacokinetic study (% change on exposure) |
Efficacy (% change on exposure) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetic parameters | Combined/alone treatment GMRa (90% CI) | Treated/Control (95% CI)b | Combined/alone treatment (90% CI)3 | |
| CLOSC | AUC0-LOQ | 0.98↔(0.75:1.28) | 0.14* (0.07:0.29) | 0.01* (0.00:0.05) |
| Cmax | 0.95↔(0.78:1.16) | |||
| CLOoral | AUC0-LOQ | 0.92↔(0.79:1.08) | 0.15* (0.07:0.31) | 0.02* (0.00:0.07) |
| Cmax | 0.98↔(0.80:1.20) | |||
| MXDSC | AUC0-LOQ | 0.73↔(0.50:1.05) | 0.07* (0.03:0.15) | 0.02* (0.00:0.09) |
| Cmax | 1.12↔(0.71:1.77) | |||
| MXDoral | AUC0-LOQ | 1.03↔(0.67:1.58) | 0.20* (0.10:0.40) | 0.01* (0.00:0.05) |
| Cmax | 1.33↔(0.78:2.27) | |||
| CLO + MXDSC | – | – | 0.00* (0.00:0.01) | – |
| CLO + MXDoral | – | – | 0.00* (0.00:0.01) | – |
3Negative binomial distribution means ratio and 90% Confidence interval. When the confidence interval includes a value of 1, the means between treatments are not statistically significant different.
*Statistical significant differences.
Cmax: peak plasma concentration; AUC0-LOQ: area under the concentration vs. time curve from 0 up to the limit of quantification.
GMR= Geometric mean ratio. CI = confidence interval. Symbol: ↔ not determined interaction (the 90% CI surrounding the GMR was within 0.80%–1.25%).
Negative Binomial distribution means ratio and 95% Confidence interval.