Table 1.
Characteristics of Non-Chronic and Chronic Opioid Users Preoperatively.
| Non-chronic (N = 233) | Chronic (N = 27) | P-value1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 64.0 [54.0,70.0] | 59.0 [54.0,66.0] | .29 |
| Sex | .93 | ||
| M | 145 (62.2%) | 16 (59.3%) | |
| F | 88 (37.8%) | 11 (40.7%) | |
| BMI >35 | 40 (17.2%) | 5 (18.5%) | .86 |
| Smoking | .15 | ||
| Non- | 141 (60.5%) | 21 (77.8%) | |
| Former | 26 (11.2%) | 3 (11.1%) | |
| Current | 66 (28.3%) | 3 (11.1%) | |
| Follow-up (months) | 12.7 [11.7,13.7] | 14.0 [12.8,15.2] | <.001* |
| Preoperative diagnosis: | .79 | ||
| Spondylolisthesis | 137 (58.8%) | 15 (55.6%) | |
| Scoliosis | 35 (15.0%) | 6 (22.2%) | |
| Disk herniation | 40 (17.2%) | 4 (14.8%) | |
| Stenosis | 21 (9.01%) | 2 (7.41%) | |
| Workers’ compensation received | .48 | ||
| No | 112 (48.1%) | 10 (37.0%) | |
| Yes | 12 (5.15%) | 1 (3.70%) | |
| Not working before surgery | 109 (46.8%) | 16 (59.3%) | |
| Insurance status | .99 | ||
| Medicare | 107 (45.9%) | 13 (48.1%) | |
| Private/other | 126 (54.1%) | 14 (51.9%) | |
| Past mental history | .02* | ||
| Neither | 202 (86.7%) | 18 (66.7%) | |
| Depression only | 12 (5.15%) | 4 (14.8%) | |
| Anxiety only | 5 (2.15%) | 0 (.00%) | |
| Depression and anxiety | 14 (6.01%) | 5 (18.5%) | |
| Max. distance travelled (mi.) | .00 [.00,2.90] | 4.08 [.00,11.8] | <.001* |
| Total prescriptions | 1.00 [.00,3.00] | 12.0 [8.50,26.5] | <.001* |
| Total # of prescribers | 1.00 [.00,2.00] | 3.00 [2.00,4.50] | <.001* |
| Duration of usage (Days) | 3.00 [.00,23.0] | 240 [158 400] | <.001* |
| # Of pills or tablets | 18.0 [.0, 93.5] | 870 [405, 1730] | <.001* |
| Total # of pharmacies | 1.00 [.00,1.00] | 2.00 [1.00,3.00] | <.001* |
| Daily dose MME. | 15.0 [.00,57.1] | 80.1 [28.4,294] | <.001* |
1Mann–Whitney U or Pearson’s Chi-Square test to compare medians between groups. Overall baseline demographics and preoperative consumption parameters are listed as either: Median and [IQR] or total counts and percent. *Indicates statistical significance (P<.05). Bold indicates category heading, where non-bold indicates subheading.