Table 3.

Risk Factors for Prolonged Opioid Use after Lumbar Fusion.

		Odds ratio [95%CI], P-value
Baseline demographics	BMI >35	.44 [.20, .90], .03*
	Smoking: Never Current Former	Ref 2.73 [1.14, 6.96], .03* 0.86 [.46, 1.58], .63
	Insurance Status Medicare Private/Other	Ref 1.43 [.85, 2.42], .18
Preoperative opioid consumption	Opioid preoperative Use: Non-chronic Chronic	Ref 0.38 [.08, 1.52], .18
	Max. Distance travelled	1.01 [.99,1.05], .30
	Total # of prescriptions	.98 [.92, 1.05], .69
	Total # of prescribers	1.14 [.90, 1.45], .28
	Duration of usage (days)	1.00 [1.00, 1.01], .25
	# Of pills and/or tablets	1.00 [1.00,1.00], .94
	Total # of pharmacies	.83 [.53, 1.27], .40
	Daily dose (MME)	1.00 [1.00, 1.01], .40

Multivariable logistic regression model for predicting prolonged opioid consumption after lumbar fusion in relation to preoperative baseline characteristics. *Indicates statistical significance (P<.05).