Table 5.
Non-Prolonged vs Prolonged Opioid User Status and Patient Reported Outcomes after Lumbar Fusion.
| Non-prolonged use (n = 145) | Prolonged opioid use (n = 115) | P-value b | Multiple linear regression (beta coefficient [95% CI], P-value c ) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ODI | Pre | 40.0 [36.0, 42.0] | 42.0 [36.0, 44.4] | .53 | .07 [−2.66, 8.39], .31 |
| Post | 18.0 [16.0, 22.0] | 20.0 [14.8, 25.2] | .47 | ||
| Delta | −20.0 [−22.8, −14.3] | −16.9 [−22.0, −14.0] | .59 | ||
| RR | .49 [.35, .58] | .45 [.34, .56] | .69 | ||
| %MCID | 89 (61.4%) | 71 (61.7%) | .95 | ||
| p-value a | <.001* | <.001* | |||
| PCS-12 | Pre | 28.8 [26.9, 30.4] | 29.0 [26.5, 31.3] | .37 | −.12 [−2.87, 2.36], .85 |
| Post | 42.1 [40.4, 44.0] | 41.1 [35.8, 42.8] | .33 | ||
| Delta | 8.1 [5.0, 10.2] | 8.3 [7.2, 12.3] | .70 | ||
| RR | .1 [.1, .2] | .12 [.10, .17] | .81 | ||
| %MCID | 63 (43.4%) | 48 (41.7%) | .78 | ||
| p-value a | <.001* | <.001* | |||
| MCS-12 | Pre | 50.7 [46.1, 52.2] | 50.5 [46.2, 54.1] | .57 | −.02 [−2.99, 2.32], .81 |
| Post | 56.8 [55.4, 57.8] | 56.7 [53.1, 57.9] | .86 | ||
| Delta | .85 [.0, 2.1] | 1.8 [.0, 5.0] | .80 | ||
| RR | .02 [.00, .05] | .04 [.00, .09] | .79 | ||
| %MCID | 27 (18.6%) | 26 (22.6%) | .43 | ||
| P-value a | <.001* | <.001* | |||
| VAS Back | Pre | 5.8 [5.0, 6.6] | 7.0 [6.0, 7.5] | .26 | .07 [−.36, 1.19], .29 |
| Post | 2.1 [1.5, 3.0] | 3.4 [2.7, 4.6] | .003* | ||
| Delta | −3.1 [−3.8, −1.9] | −2.4 [−3.8, −1.7] | .60 | ||
| RR | .51 [.38, .61] | .42 [.31, .50] | .20 | ||
| %MCID | 76 (52.4%) | 58 (50.4%) | .75 | ||
| P-value a | <.001* | <.001* | |||
| VAS Leg | Pre | 6.5 [5.6, 7.3] | 6.8 [5.6, 7.6] | .91 | .14 [.15, 1.85], .02* |
| Post | 1.2 [.6, 2.4] | 2.6 [1.5, 3.6] | .03* | ||
| Delta | −3.8 [−4.8, −3.0] | −3.6 [−4.2, −2.3] | .047* | ||
| RR | .71 [ .53, .86] | .47 [.37, .72] | .03* | ||
| %MCID | 84 (57.9%) | 60 (52.1%) | .36 | ||
| P-value a | <.001* | <.001* | |||
aWilcoxon Rank Test comparing preoperative to postoperative scores.
bMann–Whitney U comparison or Pearson chi-square analysis to compare medians between groups.
cMultivariate linear regression using non-prolonged opioid use as a baseline controlling for age, sex, BMI, preoperative diagnosis, and worker’s compensation status.
ODI- Oswestry Disability Index, PCS-12- Physical Component Score-12, MCS-12- Mental Component Score-12, VAS Back- Visual Analogue Scale Back, and VAS Leg- Visual Analogue Scale Leg.
*Indicates statistical significance (P < .05).