Table 2.
Results for 24 h urinary sodium excretion, potassium excretion, sodium-to-potassium ratio, and blood pressure
| Outcomes | Control | Intervention | Intervention v control | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 months | Change from baseline* † (95% CI) | Baseline | 12 months | Change from baseline* † (95% CI) | Difference in change* ‡ (95% CI) | P value | ||||||||||
| No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| Salt, g/24 h | 769 | 11.2 (5.0) | 678 | 11.0 (4.7) | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3) | 761 | 11.1 (4.8) | 667 | 10.1 (4.3) | −1.0 (−1.3 to −0.6) | −0.9 (−1.4 to −0.3) | 0.002 | |||||
| Urinary sodium, mg/24 h | 769 | 4418.7 (1973.7) | 678 | 4330.9 (1859.8) | −40.8 (−188.7 to 107.1) | 761 | 4368.7 (1880.3) | 667 | 3977.0 (1688.8) | −377.6 (−526.3 to −228.9) | −336.8 (−545.7 to −127.9) | 0.002 | |||||
| Urinary potassium, mg/24 h | 769 | 1578.5 (617.0) | 678 | 1513.0 (598.6) | −74.1 (−125.9 to −22.3) | 761 | 1593.8 (616.3) | 667 | 1542.4 (599.0) | −59.6 (−11.6 to −7.5) | 14.5 (−58.6 to 87.6) | 0.70 | |||||
| Sodium-to-potassium ratio, mmol/mmol | 769 | 5.07 (2.20) | 678 | 5.26 (2.29) | 0.27 (0.09 to 0.44) | 761 | 4.98 (2.16) | 667 | 4.73 (2.12) | −0.21 (−0.39 to −0.03) | −0.47 (−0.72 to −0.22) | <0.001 | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 790 | 128.9 (19.1) | 713 | 130.5 (19.2) | −0.03 (−1.20 to 1.15) | 785 | 129.9 (19.14) | 706 | 130.1 (18.16) | −2.00 (−3.40 to −0.61) | −1.98 (−3.54 to −0.41) | 0.01 | |||||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 790 | 80.1 (10.8) | 713 | 80.1 (11.0) | −0.34 (−1.06 to 0.37) | 785 | 80.1 (11.27) | 706 | 79.3 (11.28) | −1.40 (−2.24 to −0.55) | −1.05 (−2.01 to −0.10) | 0.03 | |||||
CI=confidence interval; SD=standard deviation.
Results were obtained from mixed linear model with random intercept of participants nested within family and random intercept of family nested within communities; all values for urinary outcomes were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index at baseline and follow-up, province, and education level. All values for blood pressure were further adjusted for outdoor temperature at baseline and follow-up, physical activity, and alcohol drinking status.
Comparison of means within each group. Positive values indicate increase from baseline to 12 month follow-up; negative values indicate decrease from baseline to 12 month follow-up.
Comparison between intervention group and control group in changes from baseline to 12 month follow-up. Positive values indicate that intervention group had greater increase or smaller decrease from baseline to 12 month follow-up compared with control group; negative values indicate that intervention group had greater decrease or smaller increase from baseline to 12 month follow-up compared with control group.