Table 3.
Results for 24 hour urinary sodium excretion by subgroup (mg/24 h)
| Outcomes | Control | Intervention | Intervention v control | P for interaction | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 months | Change from baseline* † (95% CI) | Baseline | 12 months | Change from baseline* † (95% CI) | Difference in change* ‡ (95% CI) | P value | ||||||||||
| No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | No | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
| Gender: | 0.55 | ||||||||||||||||
| Male | 380 | 4711.6 (2026.6) | 325 | 4599.5 (2032.2) | −77.9 (−289.4 to 133.5) | 370 | 4630.8 (1948.4) | 317 | 4290.0 (1832.5) | −349.0 (−563.0 to −135.1) | −271.1 (−571.4 to 29.3) | 0.08 | |||||
| Female | 389 | 4132.5 (1879.5) | 353 | 4083.6 (1650.3) | −9.1 (−214.1 to 195.9) | 391 | 4120.8 (1780.7) | 350 | 3693.4 (1494.1) | −407.1 (−612.5 to −201.6) | −397.9 (−687.7 to −108.2) | 0.007 | |||||
| Age, years§: | 0.11 | ||||||||||||||||
| Quarter 1 (18-49.1) | 227 | 4529 (147) | 156 | 4755 (166) | 225.7 (−102 to 553.2) | 186 | 4710 (160) | 144 | 4096 (177) | −613.3 (−959 to-267.8) | −239.1 (−618 to 140) | 0.22 | |||||
| Quarter 2 (49.2-56.4) | 204 | 4598 (123) | 174 | 4535 (125) | −63.4 (−312 to 184.9) | 194 | 4497 (122) | 150 | 3993 (129) | −503.7 (−755 to-252.2) | −321.7 (−620 to-23) | 0.04 | |||||
| Quarter 3 (56.5-65.1) | 169 | 4488 (123) | 164 | 4209 (125) | −278.6 (−528 to −29.1) | 199 | 4318 (118) | 177 | 4015 (122) | −303.0 (−541 to −65.3) | −181.5 (−474 to111) | 0.22 | |||||
| Quarter 4 (65.2-75) | 169 | 3876 (146) | 184 | 3842 (140) | −34.1 (−323 to 254.5) | 182 | 3878 (142) | 196 | 3720 (137) | −157.9 (−431 to 115.7) | −60.7 (−394 to 273) | 0.72 | |||||
| Education level: | 0.80 | ||||||||||||||||
| Primary school and below | 398 | 4436.3 (2021.6) | 366 | 4347.6 (1816.4) | −18.9 (−270.1 to 232.3) | 398 | 4409.2 (1764.3) | 354 | 4110.7 (1692.1) | −295.7 (−501.6 to −89.7) | −120.9 (−421.1 to 179.4) | 0.43 | |||||
| Junior high school and above | 371 | 4399.8 (1923.6) | 312 | 4311.3 (1912.3) | −105.6 (−323.1 to 112.0) | 363 | 4324.3 (2001.3) | 313 | 3825.7 (1674.9) | −472.7 (−689.8 to −255.6) | −177.0 (−478.1 to 124.00) | 0.25 | |||||
| Family income, yuan: | 0.72 | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤25 000 | 351 | 4571.8 (2099.1) | 281 | 4443.4 (1894.4) | −116.7 (−353.7 to 120.4) | 366 | 4531.8 (1909.5) | 296 | 4103.1 (1729.5) | −475.0 (−707.5 to −242.6) | −358.4 (−689.6 to −27.1) | 0.03 | |||||
| >25 000 | 328 | 4279.2 (1865.0) | 380 | 4218.3 (1821.7) | 36.2 (−191.2 to 263.5) | 320 | 4120.1 (1857.9) | 351 | 3921.4 (1650.0) | −234.3 (−463.8 to −4.8) | −270.5 (−592.5 to 51.5) | 0.10 | |||||
| Hypertension: | 0.57 | ||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 307 | 4668.4 (2165.1) | 299 | 4465.3 (1954.3) | −137.1 (−368.0 to 93.9) | 361 | 4577.8 (1953.2) | 308 | 4147.3 (1686.6) | −383.8 (−604.7 to −162.9) | −248.9 (−568.2 to 70.3) | 0.13 | |||||
| No | 462 | 4252.8 (1819.1) | 379 | 4224.9 (1777.2) | 17.2 (−180.0 to 214.4) | 400 | 4180.1 (1793.6) | 359 | 3830.8 (1679.2) | −359.2 (−566.8 to −151.6) | −376.5 (−662.2 to −90.8) | 0.01 | |||||
| Family role: | 0.87 | ||||||||||||||||
| Home cook | 384 | 4208.5 (1919.1) | 349 | 4146.6 (1682.1) | −47.1 (−253.9 to 159.7) | 382 | 4187.3 (1768.2) | 341 | 3758.5 (1536.4) | −400.0 (−608.3 to −191.7) | −352.9 (−646.0 to −59.8) | 0.02 | |||||
| Other family members | 385 | 4628.3 (2007.3) | 329 | 4526.4 (2015.7) | −35.7 (−246.7 to 175.3) | 379 | 4551.6 (1972.4) | 326 | 4205.5 (1808.9) | −356.6 (−568.3 to −144.8) | −318.2 (−616.5 to −19.8) | 0.04 | |||||
CI=confidence interval; SD=standard deviation.
Results were obtained from mixed linear model with random intercept of participants nested within family and random intercept of family nested within communities; all values for urinary outcomes were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index at baseline and follow-up, city, and education level.
Comparison of means within each group. Positive values indicate increase from baseline to 12 month follow-up; negative values indicate decrease from baseline to 12 month follow-up.
Comparison between intervention group and control group in changes from baseline to 12 month follow-up. Positive values indicate that intervention group had greater increase or smaller decrease from baseline to 12 month follow-up compared with control group; negative values indicate that intervention group had greater decrease or smaller increase from baseline to 12 month follow-up compared with control group.
Age was defined as natural cubic spline with internal knots at 25th, 50th, and 75th centiles.