Table. Patient Characteristics (N = 52 468).
| Characteristic | Overall cohort, No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 29.0 (22.0-40.0) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 46 189 (88.03) |
| Female | 6279 (11.97) |
| Racea | |
| Black | 31 470 (59.98) |
| White | 20 998 (40.02) |
| ED vital signs, median (IQR) | |
| Systolic blood pressure | 130.0 (111.0-146.0) |
| Heart rate | 95.0 (81.0-110.0) |
| Respiratory rate | 20.0 (17.0-22.0) |
| Oxygen saturation | 99.0 (97.0-100.0) |
| GCS score at presentation | 15.0 (15.0-15.0) |
| Temperature, ° C | 36.5 (36.2-36.8) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Alcohol use disorder | 4413 (8.41) |
| Bleeding disorder | 440 (0.84) |
| Current chemotherapy | 22 (0.04) |
| CHF | 190 (0.36) |
| Current smoker | 16 049 (30.59) |
| Chronic kidney failure | 70 (0.13) |
| History of stroke | 160 (0.31) |
| Diabetes | 1707 (3.25) |
| Disseminated cancer | 52 (0.10) |
| COPD | 2235 (4.26) |
| Chronic steroid use | 67 (0.13) |
| Cirrhosis | 120 (0.23) |
| Drug use history | 7836 (14.94) |
| History of MI | 99 (0.19) |
| History of PVD | 30 (0.06) |
| Hypertension | 4847 (9.24) |
| Arrived with signs of life | 52 386 (99.84) |
| Injury characteristics | |
| Mechanism of injury | |
| Penetrating, gunshot wound | 35 509 (67.68) |
| Penetrating, stab wound | 16 886 (32.18) |
| Penetrating, other/mixed | 73 (0.14) |
| Injury body region | |
| Head | 5651 (10.77) |
| Face | 6616 (12.61) |
| Neck | 3730 (7.11) |
| Thorax | 23 553 (44.89) |
| Abdomen | 19 266 (36.72) |
| Spine | 4806 (9.16) |
| Upper extremity | 11 490 (21.90) |
| Lower extremity | 11 018 (21.00) |
| Pelvis | 2781 (5.30) |
| Skin/soft tissue | 2036 (3.88) |
| Severe injury body region | |
| Head | 3872 (7.38) |
| Face | 94 (0.18) |
| Neck | 808 (1.54) |
| Thorax | 12 141 (23.14) |
| Abdomen | 10 079 (19.21) |
| Spine | 1847 (3.52) |
| Upper extremity | 1301 (2.48) |
| Lower extremity | 4371 (8.33) |
| Pelvis | 1139 (2.17) |
| External | 1 (0.001) |
| Outcomes | |
| Discharged to PAC (preadjustment) | 8304 (15.83) |
| Discharged to PAC (postadjustment) | 8304 (15.83) |
| Discharged to PAC (outcomes changed) | 2358 (4.50) |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction, PVD, peripheral vascular disease; PAC, postacute care.
a
Race is defined by National Trauma Data Bank fields, classified based on self-report. To make sure there were sufficient data in each race category for the model development, only Black and White patients were included.