Table 3.
Properties and cost of different types of bone grafts and bone graft substitutes.
| Graft | Mechanical Properties | Vascularity | Osteogenesis | Osteoconduction | Osteoinduction | Cost (USD $)31,32 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autograft | ||||||
| 1. Cortical | ✓✓ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| 2. Cancellous | ✓ | ✕ | ✓✓ | ✓✓ | ✓ | |
| 3. Vascularized | ✓✓ | ✓✓ | ✓✓ | ✓✓ | ✓ | |
| 4. Bone Marrow | ✕ | ✕ | ✓✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Allograft | ||||||
| 1. Cortical | ✓✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | 530-1681/3–20 cm |
| 2. Cancellous | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓✓ | ✓ | 376/30 cc |
| 3. Demineralized | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓✓ | ✓✓✓ | 726-1225/10 ml |
| Bone Graft Substitutes | ||||||
| 1. Calcium phosphate | ✓∗ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓✓ | ✕ | 1520/10 ml |
| 2. Calcium sulfate | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓✓ | ✕ | 655/10 ml |
| 3. Tricalcium phosphate | ✓✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | 875/10 ml |
| 4. Bone morphogenic proteins | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓✓ | 3500–5000 |
✕, ✓, ✓✓, ✓✓✓: extent of activity; ✕: absent activity, ✓✓✓: greatest activity∗: for tri-calcium phosphate.