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. 2023 Aug 10;14:1229750. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1229750

Table 2.

Complications of patients with chronic hypophosphatemia (n = 154).

Case
(n = 154)
Controls
(n = 1540)
Unadjusted HR (95% CI) P-value Adjusted HR* (95% CI) P-value
Any complications 127 (82.5) 935 (60.7) 2.74
(2.22–3.39)
<0.01 2.17
(1.67–2.69)
<0.01
Cardiovascular complications
 Composite CVD 20 (13.0) 98 (6.4) 2.80
(1.69–4.63)
<0.01 2.02
(1.16–3.51)
0.01
 Non-fatal MI 3 (1.3) 13 (0.8) 3.92
(1.01–15.19)
0.048 1.61
(0.29–8.83)
0.59
 Non-fatal stroke 6 (3.9) 25 (1.6) 3.06
(1.22–7.72)
0.02 2.65
(0.95–7.39)
0.06
 Heart failure 9 (5.8) 26 (1.7) 8.41
(3.41–20.70)
<0.01 6.15
(2.15–17.58)
<0.01
 Arrhythmia 6 (3.9) 58 (3.8) 1.11
(0.48–2.60)
0.80 0.98
(0.40–2.39)
0.96
Renal complications
 Renal stones 4 (2.6) 27 (1.8) 1.93
(0.66–5.64)
0.23 2.18
(0.70–6.80)
0.18
 Chronic kidney disease 25 (16.2) 19 (1.2) 20.07
(10.08–39.96)
<0.01 16.87
(7.60–37.43)
<0.01
 Hyperparathyroidism 24 (15.6) 2 (0.1) 114.40
(27.03–484.21)
<0.01 121.19
(28.24–520.11)
<0.01
Fracture complication
 Major osteoporotic fracture 13 (2.6) 71 (4.6) 2.41
(1.31–4.44)
<0.01 2.27
(1.20–4.28)
0.01
 Hip fracture 4 (2.6) 9 (0.6) 8.93
(2.23–35.80)
<0.01 3.83
(1.12–13.10)
0.03
 Vertebral fracture 5 (3.3) 33 (2.1) 1.97
(0.75–5.19)
0.17 1.75
(0.64–4.83)
0.28
 Humeral or wrist fractures 4 (2.6) 34 (2.2) 1.24
(0.44–3.53)
0.68 1.20
(0.40–3.59)
0.75
 Periodontitis 6 (3.9) 13 (0.8) 9.66
(3.11–29.95)
<0.01 6.98
(1.66–29.35)
0.01
 Enthesopathy 16 (10.4) 129 (8.4) 1.46
(0.86–2.47)
0.16 1.60
(0.93–2.77)
0.09
Mental and behavior disorders
 Depression 20 (13.0) 154 (10.0) 1.72
(1.06–2.77)
0.03 1.71
(1.04–2.83)
0.04
 Bipolar 2 (1.3) 31 (2.0) 0.76
(0.18–3.21)
0.71 0.79
(0.18–3.42)
0.74
 Anxiety 27 (17.5) 210 (13.6) 1.61
(1.07–2.44)
0.02 1.46
(0.95–2.24)
0.08

CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction. *Adjusted for socioeconomic status and comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia). The adjusted HR (95% CI) and P-values were obtained using stratified Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.