Table 3.
Usual energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast and contribution (%) to recommended daily nutrient intakes.
| Intakes of nutrients at breakfast | 1.5 years (n=369) |
a Reference values of EAR (1-3 y) |
Contribution of breakfast to EAR (%) | 3.5 years (n=244) |
a Reference values of EAR (4-8 y) |
Contribution of breakfast to EAR (%) | 5.0 years (n=240) |
a Reference values of EAR (4-8 y) |
Contribution of breakfast to EAR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kJ) | 951.07 (332.0) | EER:3800-4000 kJ/day | 24.4 | 1108.0 (358.0) | EER:5800-6300 kJ/day | 18.3 | 1180.0 (347.0) | EER:6500-7000 kJ/day | 17.5 |
| Macro-nutrients | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | |||
| Protein (g) | 6.1 (3.4) | 12g/day | 50.8 | 8.3 (3.8) | 16g/day | 51.9 | 8.3 (3.5) | 16g/day | 51.9 |
| % of energy from protein b | 16.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 | ||||||
| Carbohydrate (g) | 30.0 (12.0) | None set | – | 37.0 (12.0) | None set | – | 40.0 (12.0) | None set | – |
| % of energy from carbohydrate c | 52.0 | 57.0 | 58.0 | ||||||
| Total fat (g) | 7.5 (3.0) | None set | – | 7.7 (3.6) | None set | – | 8.1(3.4) | None set | – |
| % of energy from total fat d | 29.0 | 25.0 | 24.0 | ||||||
| Fibre (g) | 2.8 (1.7) | AI:14g/day | 20.0 | 3.7 (1.7) | AI:18g/day | 20.6 | 3.6 (1.7) | AI:18g/day | 20.0 |
| % of energy from fibre e | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.4 | ||||||
| Saturated fat (g) | 3.9 (2.0) | None set | – | 3.9 (2.3) | None set | – | 3.8 (1.9) | None set | – |
| % of energy from saturated fat d | 15.2 | 13.0 | 11.9 | ||||||
| Total sugars (g) | 15.0 (7.5) | None set | – | 19.0 (8.2) | None set | – | 19.0 (7.4) | None set | – |
| % of energy from total sugars | 26.8 | 29.2 | 27.4 | ||||||
| Micronutrients | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | Mean (SD) | % | |||
| Iron (mg) | 1.3 (1.3) | 4mg/day | 32.5 | 1.4 (1.4) | 4mg/day | 35.0 | 1.7 (1.5) | 4mg/day | 42.5 |
| Calcium (mg) | 152.0 (89.0) | 360mg/day | 42.2 | 210.0 (89.0) | 520mg/day | 40.4 | 222.0 (92.0) | 520mg/day | 42.7 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 6.4 (8.9) | 25mg/day | 25.6 | 8.6 (13.0) | 25mg/day | 34.4 | 8.5 (12.0) | 25mg/day | 34.0 |
| Folate (ug DFE) | 32.0 (46.0) | 120ug/day | 26.7 | 51.0 (44.0) | 160ug/day | 31.9 | 50.0 (65.0) | 160ug/day | 31.3 |
| Potassium (mg) | 380.0 (155.0) | AI:2000mg/day | 19.0 | 435.0 (156.0) | AI:2300mg/day | 18.9 | 439.0 (165.0) | AI:2300mg/day | 19.9 |
| Sodium (mg) | 174.0 (85.0) | AI: 200-400mg/day | 43.5 f | 260.0 (94.0) | AI:300-600mg/day | 43.3 f | 265.0 (130.0) | AI:300-600mg/day | 44.2 f |
| Zinc (mg) | 0.8 (0.7) | 2.5mg/day | 32.0 | 1.2 (0.8) | 3mg/day | 40.0 | 1.1 (0.7) | 3mg/day | 36.7 |
EAR, Estimated Average Requirement; Al, Adequate Intake; EER, Estimated Energy Requirement.
a: According to Daily Nutrient Reference Values (NRV) for Australia and New Zealand, 2019; b: 17kJ for 1g of protein; c: 17kJ for 1g of carbohydrate.
d: 37kJ for 1g of fat and saturated fat; e: 8kJ for 1g of fibre; f: maximum threshold of AI.